Aids And Diseases In Latin America

AIDS AND DISEASES IN LATIN AMERICA

Developing

In mid -1928, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first described at the time when a group of researchers noticed an unusually high frequency of pneumocystis carinii (NPC) pneumonia (NPC) and kaposi sarcoma (SK) in a groupof homosexual youth. The etiological agent is a retrovirus, known as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

There is currently a generalized belief that HIV infection progresses more rapidly in sub -Saharan Africa patients than in those from industrialized countries. This is due to greater difficulty when needing access to health systems, however, not a faster deterioration of immune function.

Infections for opportunists of importance in Latin America and the Caribbean

Cerebral toxoplasmosis, cryptosporidiosis and isosporiasis are some of the most frequent throughout Latin America. With respect to cerebral toxoplasmosis it is due to the high prevalence of toxoplasma infection described in Latin America. In Haiti, isosporiasis is described in 5% of patients with AIDS, while in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), it is 10% of AIDS patients who suffer from it, unlike 0.2% of patientsWith AIDS in USA.

Pulmonary commitment in patients with HIV infection

Among the organs most affected by AIDS, is the lung. HIV infection has become a propitious terrain for increasing the incidence in lung diseases, such as tuberculosis (TB), mycosis, kaposi sarcoma (SK) and lymphocyte interstitial pneumonitis (NIL).

Initial studies show that in a group of 1.067 AIDS patients, 41% developed pulmonary complications of which 85% were pneumocystis carinii (NPC), 17% by the Mycobacteriun Aviun (CMA) complex, 4% per Mycobacteriun tuberculosis, 4% per legionella and 2%Bacterial pneumonia.

Tuberculosis (TB)

Two TBC forms have been identified in HIV patients. The first represents a reaction in patients, with a diminished cell immunity, but not completely absent. The second occurs late, unlike the first one that occurs early, this is characterized because cellular immunity responses are absolutely absent.

Citomegavirus infection (CMV)

This is a herpes virus, it is activated by suppression of cellular immunity, up to 90% of AIDS patients have evidence of active CMV infection in autopsy. It shows a prevalence close to 100% in the homosexual population.

Bibliography

1. Hernández, d. (2002). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): descriptive and experimental study of the commitment of organs and systems, infections and neoplasms. Caracas: Scientific and Humanistic Development Council Central University of Venezuela.