Annotated Bibliography

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Annotated Bibliography
Jost, Kenneth. “Children’s Television.” The CQ Researcher, vol. 7, no. 31, 1997, pp. 721-744.
This article talks about how regulations should be set in place for broadcasters to air more than 3 hours of educational content in every week. It is also required that the television industry should include content advisories in their TV programs for violence, sex, and objectionable material. The concern has forced the television industry to adopt a rating system that helps parents to know in advance, on the things that their children can watch. In the early stages, the same ratings as those of movies were adopted but were later condemned because the bodies involved with the physical and psychological well-being of children argued that the parents needed to have more information about the program’s contents primarily in sex, language, and violence. The reforms were thus supported by the president of the U.S which pressured the television industry to rate its programs regarding content and age. This was because different programs and movies were instilling violence in the children. The intended audience for this article is both the television industry and parents. It is highly relevant to my research topic because it talks about the effects of television and its contents, on children. Although the article was published in 1997, it still holds a significant relation to the current world because the television technology has reached to the far corners of the world and thus increasing the boundaries of its effects.

It is also in this times that more violent movies with sexual and inappropriate language, are produced. The author’s work contains unique information that involves the chronological change of rules and regulations. The information provided by the author were credible since it involved thoroughly researched facts and figures. However, the author was biased as he set a negative tone to the effects of television on children. However, they were justified as he provided relevant facts that supported his arguments. The author concluded that parents should be educated on the program rating system and that the television industry should make their programs more children friendly. My findings and conclusions are that it is crucial for parents to understand how the rating system works and it is also important that the television industry be more cautious when disbursing their contents. They should do proper labeling of advisory content and abide by the rules and regulations.
Ault, Alicia. “Video Games and Learning.” CQ Researcher, vol. 26, no. 7, 2016, pp. 145-168.
This article delves into how video games have become the center of attention for educators to teach children on different aspects of science, math and other subjects. Moreover, the games sharpen the cognitive abilities in children while also promoting critical and creative thinking in them. However, the author questions the credibility of these games as may be a significant contributor to addiction and shortening of attention spans. The author also states that the students’ engagement with educational games has enabled them to score better in exams because it is used as a platform for avoiding the monotony in class while as acting as a source of knowledge. Moreover, the use of video games is argued to improve thinking as players sharpen their strategic thinking and problem-solving techniques. However, it is not all positive as it has been suspected to a primary contributor to violence. As a controversial subject, gender equality has been of significant concern in the gaming industry as women have been neglected in the designing of games. They are thus wary of the gap in the learning sphere which has forced them to advocate for equality. The intended of the article audience are developers, educators, parents, and governing bodies. It is useful and relevant to my research topic as it postulates on the technological advancements and their effects on children. The article was recently published, and as the era of mobile technology becomes widespread, it is, therefore, relevant to the current situation. The work arranges the gradual introduction of games into the American system in chronological order. The author uses relevant and well-researched information as she provides facts that are supported by data from credible sources. The author also avoids biases as she tries to look at both the negative and positive sides of the arguments. The author concludes that although there is no real measure for the positive effects gaming have on learning abilities, it is undoubtedly a contributor to the mental development, especially in children. My conclusions are that gaming can be introduced into the education system to enhance and engage students in learning activities and enable their progression.