Any pediatric disorder

Pediatric Disorder
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Institutional Affiliation
General Introduction
Under instances of high contamination levels, it is not uncommon to breathe in contaminated air as well. Notably, individuals diagnosed with asthma stand a higher chance of feeling the consequences of breathing in harmful substances compared to the those without this illness. Statistical report findings indicate that there has been a general increase in the prevalence of asthma, especially in the United States compared to other parts of the world (Gorai et al., 2016). However, there are no proper direct reasons that could explain the hypothesis above; nonetheless, there has been some evidence to back it up. According to the National Health Interview Survey statistics, at least 30% of all children start wheezing by the time they hit three years of age. This paper endeavors to focus more, on asthma by addressing its vital component, the problem attached to it as well as the synthesis of the two factors discussed.
Specific Introduction
The term asthma is used to refer to a chronic illness that displays typical features such as wheezing as well as persistent occurrences of breathlessness. However, the severity of these symptoms does vary in frequency from one patient to another (Philipi, 2016). The tubes of the inner lining of the bronchi swell leading to the narrowing of the air passage which eventually causes the cut down of the flow of air exchange in the lung during an attack.
The primary definition of asthma can be attributed to the cardinal clinical characteristic of obstruction of the airflow.

On the other hand, in the most recent decades, a routine has been established by linking asthma to allergens. The exposure to allergens causes the production of sensitization to the allergens, ultimately, the persistent exposure to asthma causes clinical asthma which occurs through the development of inflammation of the airways, reversible flow of air as well as the heightened reactivity.
Nonetheless, it is essential to appreciate the fact that not all asthma causes apply to this paradigm, for instance, occupational asthma causes are not related to allergy as a causative agent. As a result, asthma cannot be ruled out as an illness with a single underlying causative agent since there is a possibility that it could be caused by a collection of various conditions which end up in clinical asthma.
Evidence 1
The advent of anatomic pathology has examined a wide range of factors that lead to the obstruction of the air channels. In that connection, therefore, external elements, for instance, exposure to allergens were linked to the occurrence of asthma (Jie, 2016).
At least one and half of the cases of asthma in both children and adults involve the allergic mechanisms.
The environmental hypothesis will best explain the cause and prevalence of asthma in the United States. Substantial evidence report that asthma risk is heightened by the presence of particle pollutants and allergens in our environment.
Two primary pollutants affect asthma; ozone and particle pollutants. Individuals with a history of already existing respiratory illnesses stand a higher risk of experiencing the adverse side effects of exposure to the ozone (Haahtela & Kalayci, 2014). This could be attributed to the fact that such patients tend to have a less pulmonary reserve which makes them fragile to tolerate the advancement of the symptoms.
Implication 1
Air pollutants that result due to the combustion of fossil fuels can be categorized into various substances such as Nitrous dioxide, Sulphur Dioxide the ozone and general gaseous mixture as well as the ozone.
Therefore, during inhalation process, there is a higher chance that these substances are inhaled together with the clean air. Thus, this causes some irritation of the linings airways from the air tract that ends in the air sacs which are found in the lungs. The small particles contained in the dust or soot are tiny enough such that they can pass into the lungs.
In sum, these contaminants tend to cause hyperreactivity, inflammation of the airway and oxidative stress. These features thus lead to thickening of the walls, tightening of the muscles along the airways and increased production of mucus. Consequently, the mentioned factors facilitate the narrowing of the airways thus causing breathing difficulty, better knowns as asthma. The kind of irritation will be subjected to the type of pollutant inhaled.
Currently, statistical research findings indicate that there is escalating evidence due to the exposure to air pollution from the motor vehicles.
Evidence 2
Numerous studies have indicated that relationship between the respiratory effects to fine particles particularly in the young generation diagnosed with this condition. Particle pollution has been the causative agent that leads to the reduction of the pulmonary function as well as an escalated airways inflammation.
It is important to note that any individual who has this disorder- asthma worsen their situation every time they are exposed to pollutants (González-Díaz et al., 2016). This is because, as mentioned above, air pollution makes the air unclean and thus contributes to the difficulty in the exchange of air. Air pollutants cause other health conditions like; discomfort in the chest, wheezing, as well as a burning sensation in the lungs.
A good percentage of the pollution attributed to the presence of particles has the possibility of aggravating the already existing inflammation of the air passage which leads to escalated pro-inflammatory mechanism thus increasing the inflammatory cascade.
These particles, for instance, viruses, microbes as well as spores may propagate asthma exacerbation via the worsening of the inflammation resulting in an infection. The effects of asthma are more problematic among the young generation compared to adults.
Implication 2
In that connection, the children from the poor remote cities stand a higher risk of air pollution. This could be explained by the fact that they occupy areas of high-density traffic which is an industrial source of the particle contamination. On the other hand, this could also be explained by the fact that due to poor housing conditions in those remote cities, and there could be an inadequate supply of indoor air of high quality. Besides, another reason that could amicably explain the reason why asthmatic children are more affected by particle contamination than the adults is that of the anatomical characteristics that result in higher deposition of the particle pollution along the tracheobronchial area of the children’s’ lungs. Due to the discussed factors, most of the younger generation do undergo higher rates of the emergency health care visit due to asthma than the older generation.
In a nutshell, the pollution of air and the environment at large is a reality in the big and developed cities, and this has escalated especially during the last decades of the twentieth century (Hebbern & Cakmak, 2015). This century is also characterized by the escalation in not only the production but also the rates of consumption. Consequently, this has led to alteration of the pollutants that are in gaseous forms.
Evidence 3
Notably, asthma patients form part of the population who are identified as among the susceptible groups to the impact of the ozone. Besides, asthma prevalence is high among young generation (Ding et al., 2017). This is due to the extended period that is spent outdoors in exercises. This exposure could make children get affected by the exposure to the ozone. Also, the younger generation is more affected by this problem due to the rapid rates of breathing as well as the gradually developing organs, in this case, lungs are delicate, thus making them more susceptible. Asthmatic statistical data conducted in the United States indicate that at least 846 young generation were picked from the eight urban areas in the United States during summer time and there was evidence for lower expiration rate values and escalated symptoms of respiratory that went on for a couple of mornings following the high levels of ozone.
Implication 3
In that connection, on days of high ozone levels, asthma patients experience various symptoms including:
Enhanced respiratory symptoms
Frequent visits to the healthcare centers
The functioning of the lungs reduces
Increased usage of medication
Recurrent attacks of asthma
To back this up, it is observed that during the days of high concentration of ozone levels, children utilized the asthma inhalers compared to those days when ozone concentrations were low (Kim & Kweon, 2015). Overall, the findings discussed above indicate that human beings are consistent with the ozone which leads to the addition of asthma severity.
Specific Conclusion
At least two-thirds of the asthma patients report that poor quality of the surrounding air worsen their condition and therefore putting them at a higher risk of getting an asthma attack. In sum, the contamination of air, be it in the form of dust particles, smoke, and smog, as well as traffic fumes all are attributed to trigger asthma cases. Notably, it is quite difficult to avoid such contaminants, especially in busy cities. It is advisable to keep asthma under manageable level by regular intake of medicines in a bid to cope with the high rates of environmental pollution.
Therefore, pollution causes one to be more sensitive and accordingly react to any asthma trigger substances (Teodoro et al., 2015). Furthermore, every patient has got different asthma from other patients. Thus, the asthma trigger substances in one patient may not be what triggers the same attack in another patient. It is advisable to keep off from pollution hotspot areas.
General Conclusion
Important to note, the significant addition of the utilization of the fossil fuels as well as the substantial developing industrial activities, the human being has therefore allowed the release of the contaminants into the atmosphere that might have been stocked either in the form of biomass.
Notably, at least 80% of asthma deaths are experienced in lower-middle as well as still developing countries. In most cases asthma has caused a restriction of patients and their families, this could be attributed to the under-diagnosis which leads to the undertreatment of the disease. The development of asthma mostly occurs during childhood; nonetheless, it can be developed at any other age.
Not until a clear understanding of asthma is made, this condition may prove a bit of challenge to not only manage but also to prevent it (In Pacyna, & In Pacyna, 2016). It is important to note that the current world we live in maintains very little standards of hygiene.

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