Chapter 10 questions

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Chapter 10 Questions
What is cognition?
Cognition refers to the knowledge that can be consciously brought to the attention of the learner (Jackman et al. 103).
What is declarative knowledge?
The explicit knowledge that one can be conscious about.
What is procedural knowledge?
Information acquired and used to adapt to environmental demands (Jackman et al. 103).
What is metacognition?
Individual’s knowledge concerning their own cognitive processes (Jackman et al. 104).
What is metacognitive knowledge?
One’s awareness of the learning and task performance cognitive processes that are employed.
What is self-regulation?
Strategies employed and controllable by the learner. (Jackman et al. 107).What are cognitive strategies?
Strategies consciously employed by the learner to facilitate memorization.
Are performance-based approaches to intervention considered to be top-down or bottom-up approaches?
Top-down approaches (Jackman et al. 106).
List the five stages of problem-solving, according to Luria (1961):
Problem definition, producing solving ideas, testing the ideas, choosing among the ideas and developing a plan for action (Jackman et al. 106).
What is scaffolding?
Instructional strategies that instill stronger and greater understanding in the process of learning.What is discovery learning?
It is an evaluation of an individual’s task performance and reflection on his/her areas of weakness and strength.
What is metacognition?
It is an individual’s knowledge concerning their own cognitive processes (Jackman et al.

104).
What is instrumental enrichment?
Instrumental Enrichment is a program concerning cognitive intervention that can be applied within the learning area and for individuals respectively.
During discovery learning, which style of leadership does an OT use during the intervention?
Advisory leadership (Jackman et al. 108).What type of challenge do occupational therapists create during scaffolded interventions?
Just-right-fit (Jackman et al. 108).
What do three cognitive approaches occupational therapists use to promote generalization and transfer?
Helping members learn and relearn, teaching and developing performance strategies.
What are the four primary objectives of Cognitive Orientation to Daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP)?
Cognitive strategies development, skill acquisition, daily skill and strategies generalization, and learning transfer to new contexts and skills (Jackman et al. 109).
What are the seven key features of Cognitive Orientation to Daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP)?
Client-centered goals, guided discovery, use of cognitive strategy, dynamic performance analysis, enabling principles, intervention format and parent/partner involvement (Jackman et al. 109).
What is the four-step global strategy used in Cognitive Orientation to Daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP)?
Setting a goal, planning, doing and checking (Jackman et al. 109).What are the four elements of guided discovery?
The guided discovery components are addressing one thing at a time, ask, do not tell feature, waiting for the client to make mistakes to learn themselves, coaching, making it obvious when tasks are done wrongly, and playing dumb through pretending you are learning too(Jackman et al. 110).
What is self-coaching?
Individual guidance on development and growth, particularly through transition periods, in both personal and professional realms.What is self-guidance?
Self-guidance is technique involves identification and visualization of key questions relating to the activity or task performance.
What is self-questioning?
Asking oneself questions in relation to the task. (Jackman et al. 105).
What is the imagery?
Mental images that represent events
What is an association?
It is relating previous knowledge to relevant task information (Jackman et al. 106).
What is a rote script?
The rote pattern of phrases
What is elaboration?
Elaboration is the theoretical presentation that entails additional of extra information to existing increasing complexity.
What are mnemonic techniques?
Memory tools for recalling information.
What is a rehearsal?
Visual or mental repetition of information to retain it
What is deconstruction?
Reconstruction is the remaking of things to their original specifications by replacement or repairing of the necessary parts.
What is anticipation?
Anticipation is an emotion that pertains excitement, anxiety or pleasure regarding the expected event.
What is knowledge?
An understanding or familiarity with information or skills acquired through learning (Jackman et al. 109).
What is a translation?
Identification, acknowledgement, and reflection of what a person knows in regard to a certain task.
List the eight task modification and specification strategies used in cognitive interventions:
Verbal mnemonic, body position, feeling the movement, task specification, attention to doing, verbal guidance, verbal self-guidance and verbal role script (Jackman et al. 111).Select and describe at least one evaluation tool used by the occupational therapist when using the Cognitive Orientation to Daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) approach?
The use of a meta-cognitive technique, which promotes self-monitoring and self-direction for identification of problems by identify one’s problems by a combination of the cognitive approach to the whole occupational training (Jackman et al. 113).

Works Cited
Jackman, Michelle, et al. “The Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-
OP) Approach: Best responders in children with cerebral palsy and brain injury.” Research in developmental disabilities 78 (2018): 103-113.