Children Of The Sun and In Womens Hands Coursework Example

Name
Instructor
History
13 March 2018
Children of the Sun & In Women’s Hands
SOCIAL GROUPS AND CASTES
The chapter on Children of the Sun shows the existence of three classes of people across historical times. These are the European, the Creole and the Mestizo, and the native. Each group had its niche in the society. The social classes and castes were so distinct in their experiences that they differed in various issues: land, taxation, education, and employment.
There CITATION Chi p 251 l 1033 were marked differences in relation to land. This majorly entailed ownership. The natives had communal land ownership in their indigenous areas. The Moyobamba natives protected their communal lands from being sold CITATION Chi l 1033 (Children of the Sun). The other social classes, however, owned land individually. There were increasing encroachments of communal lands by a Creole and Mestizo elite that had gained independence CITATION Chi p 261 l 1033 (Children of the Sun 261). With civilization transited land ownership from communal to an individual.
There was also a marked difference in the educational status of the groups. The educational status declined as you moved from Europeans to the Creole, to the Mestizo, to the natives. The Creole, were elite, dominating over the Mestizo and the native of rural Peru, who were less enlightened CITATION Chi p 255 l 1033 (Children of the Sun 255). The natives had to relocate to towns to get a good education. Most of those who moved from Moyobamba to Lima between 1940 and 1990 were searching for educational opportunities CITATION Chi p 257 l 1033 (Children of the Sun 257).

The difference in educational status accounted for the differences in employment.
The non-educated were also poor. With 90% of the arable land being owned by just 6% of the elite Creole, and Mestizo, owning, the natives were obliged to provide labor for an opportunity to grow their own crops CITATION Chi p 262 l 1033 (Children of the Sun 262). Most of the natives were illiterate and poor CITATION Chi p 263 l 1033 (Children of the Sun 263). The economic status depended majorly on educational achievement.
The social classes and castes were as different as light and darkness. The differences revolved around ownership of the land, educational status of the groups, and economic status. The situations worsened as you moved from Europeans to the Creole, to the Mestizo, to the natives. In all these, the natives were the hardest hit by the differences among the social groups.
BOLIVIA AND CHILE
The social divisions did not end with the pre-colonial period. With new countries, internal divisions such as regionalism and underdeveloped economies still emerged. Chile and Bolivia established their borders on becoming independent from Spain in 1818 and 1825, respectively.
The defined borders, however, were disputed concerning Charcas, the territory that would allow Bolivia access to the sea. Bolivians claim possession of Charcas, while Chileans disagree. Simon Bolivar, on establishing Bolivia as a state in 1825, disregarded the Chileans and possessed the land. This led to the war of the Pacific between the years 1879 and 1883, an event leading to Bolivia being landlocked CITATION Tel15 l 1033 (TeleSUR English). Bolivia lacking access to the sea, led to 30% less gains from trade CITATION Tel15 l 1033 (TeleSUR English). Their exports were also 56% more expensive than those from Chile CITATION Tel15 l 1033 (TeleSUR English). Bolivians then sought a legal solution.
The International Criminal Court (I.C.C) was the available legal avenue. Bolivia presented their cases in April 2013, to the I.C.C. CITATION Tel15 l 1033 (TeleSUR English). Chile challenged the jurisdiction of the court while Bolivia was prepared to respect the judicial outcome CITATION Tel15 l 1033 (TeleSUR English). The UN court, however, ruled that it can hear the case CITATION BBC15 l 1033 (BBC News). All eyes are now on the International Criminal Court.
PANAMA CANAL
The construction of the Panama Canal was completed in1914, after 34 years of work CITATION Bea14 l 1033 (Beat). This took both American and French efforts. The intention was to create an easier and faster route of trade between Europeans and Asians. The canal was built by the United States, under the reign of president Theodore Roosevelt who wanted to have full access to it once it was built.
Pros. The isthmus where the Panama Canal now stands was a jungle CITATION Bea14 l 1033 (Beat). The canal made trade easier and faster. People previously had to move down to Cape Horn, or cross the jungle CITATION Bea14 l 1033 (Beat). After construction of the canal, however, this changed. Large ships could move through the canal without being damaged. It promoted the security of the area by protecting it from invaders who would have come in from either the Atlantic or the Pacific Ocean. Panama’s economy grew because of links with the United States. The problems of malaria and yellow fever, which had been prevalent in the area were solved CITATION Bea14 l 1033 (Beat). Dr. William Gorgas, an army doctor, fought the mosquitoes. This was done by use of pesticides and quarantine. By the end of the year 1906, yellow fever had been wiped out.Cons. The construction, however, cost a lot of money. More than 350 million United States dollars was spent, a very large sum of money CITATION Bea14 l 1033 (Beat). Blowing up hard rock with dynamite caused sound pollution, accidents due to premature explosions CITATION Bea14 l 1033 (Beat). Landslides were also rampant in the areas where trains ferried the soil and rocks after excavation CITATION Bea14 l 1033 (Beat).
Works Cited
BIBLIOGRAPHY l 1033 “Children of the Sun.” Americas. n.d. 251-284. Print.
The Hague- Bolivia and Chile Begin Oral Arguments over Sea Access. TeleSUR English. YouTube. 2015. Web. 14 March 2018.
The Panama Canal (Story Time with Mr. Beat). Perf. Mr. Beat. Prod. YouTube. 2014. Web. 14 March 2018.