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Pulmonary Vascular Disease as a Risk Factor for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
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Pulmonary Vascular Disease as a Risk Factor for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
It is apparent that there is a clear relationship between pulmonary hypertension and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, but the mediating role of the pulmonary vascular disease has not yet been articulately understood. Abman, Grenolds, and Mourani (2016) indicate that pulmonary vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension in preterm infants have a connection whereby the vascular disease aggravates pulmonary hypertension that subsequently results in bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Abman et al. (2016) indicate that in addition to pulmonary hypertension, reduced pulmonary arteries, and an abnormal distribution within the confines of the lung interstitium makes pulmonary hypertension worse. In addition, the pulmonary vascular disease is associated with a decrease in the surface area of the alveoli, and this subsequently disrupts the process of gas exchange.
Whereas in the situation mentioned above the pulmonary vascular disease tends to aggravate the condition of pulmonary hypertension, Abman et al. (2016) indicate that this vascular disease is also a preceding risk factor for pulmonary hypertension and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. An early injury to the lungs interferes with angiogenesis, which is a paramount mediator in the process of pulmonary vascular development. Therefore, when an injury prevails, the angiogenesis process if disrupted and poor pulmonary vascular development results in a reduction in alveolarization and poorly developed distal lung airspace.

All these disruptions result in symptoms of pulmonary hypertension and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Therefore, Abman eta l. (2016) affirms the fact that pulmonary vascular disease is a risk factor for pulmonary hypertension and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. In addition, in reference to the strong correlation between pulmonary hypertension and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, pulmonary vascular disease plays a mediating role by aggravating the condition of pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary vascular disease is attributed to poorly developed lung structures in preterm infants.
Reference
Abman, S. H., Grenolds, A., & Mourani, P. (2016). Pulmonary Vascular Disease in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Advances in Pulmonary Hypertension, 15(2), 92-99.