Dengue In Tamaulipas, Mexico

Dengue in Tamaulipas, Mexico

Background

In Mexico in 2002, Navarrete and collaborators reported for the first time a predisposition in the increase in children’s and youth dengue in the rightful population of the Mexican Social Security Institute.

Subsequently, having been eliminated for 12 years, in 1978 dengue became a public health problem where the population at risk was the one who did not have access to the health service. As of 1980 and until 2011, three periods of the disease have been conceived, each on an average of 10 years, in which at least one important outbreak was recorded every decade.

In 1990-1999 the highest incidence rate was in the population of 25-44 years, with an average annual rate of 30.7, while in the years 2000-2009 the highest incidence rate moved to the population of 15 to 24 years, with an average annual rate of 51.31;During the last period of the years 2000-2010, an important increase in the incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever (FHD) and a change in the population at risk was detected, highlighting in the child and youth population. (Torres, Cortés, Becker, 2014).

Most outstanding historical facts

In 2013, an outbreak was recorded with more than five thousand cases, years later in 2017, it was appreciated as an epidemiological year at the national level, in Tamaulipas the mockery of the Aedes Aedes Mosco Aedes Aegypti became ill 600 people, which means a great decreaseof patients, thanks to the prevention actions of the Ministry of Health in Tamaulipas.

According to the data of the Department of Diseases transmitted by vector, in Tamaulipas there are 11 risk zones where some dengue epidemic could occur, including Tampico, Madero, Altamira, González, Matamoros, Reynosa, Nuevo Laredo and Ciudad Victoria.

Developing

Transmission mechanism

Dengue is a disease that causes a virus that transmits a mosquito from a sick person to another healthy, this is how the transmission chain is done. This mosquito reproduces in stagnant water and is called: Aedes aegypti. The disease can occur in two ways:

•  Classic dengue.- It is characterized by the presence of fever, with intense general discomfort, (headache, pain behind the eyes, muscle pain and joint pain))
•  Hemorrhagic dengue.- In addition to the symptoms of classic dengue, there may be hemorrhages (bleeding)

Two outstanding aspects of dengue are:

• There are people who are infected with mosquitoes, but do not develop the disease (the person has only a general discomfort)
• Hemorrhagic dengue can cause severe damage to the person’s health and even death, if not appropriately and timely.

Etiological agent

Dengue is a systematic infectious disease, of viral etiology, transmitted by the mosquitoes of the genus Aedes. Its clinical presentation is variable, from asymptomatic infection, undifferentiated fever or dengue fever, to serious shapes, classified as non -serious dengue with severe alarm signs and dengue with shock or organic damage, which entail a high risk of death.

The etiological agent of dengue is a virus of the genus Flavivirus, of the Flaviviradae family, which has a simple, positive sense chain, and is wrapped with a genome of approximately 11 kB that has a great variability.

It is an arbovirus with four grouped serotypes based on biological, immunological and molecular criteria. The immunological and antigen properties of the virus are given by structural and non -structural antigens.

Dengue virus transmitting vectors are the female mosquitoes of the genus Aedes, aegyti and albopictus subspecies, belonging to the Culicidae family. Female mosquitoes are hematophagous and require consuming vertebrate blood to carry out ovogenesis and the production of viable eggs. They live inside or around housing areas and usually chop in the early hours of the morning or in the afternoon, deposit their eggs in stagnant water.

Risk factor’s

The factors that increase the risk of contracting dengue are:

•  Travel or live in tropical regions. Being in tropical and subtropical regions increases the risk of exposure to the virus that causes dengue.
•  An previous dengue virus infection. An earlier infection by a dengue virus increases the risk of serious symptoms if it becomes infected again.

Complications

If serious, dengue can damage the lungs, liver or heart;Blood pressure can descend to hazardous levels, cause shock and even death.

Preventions

A dengue vaccine, Dengvaxia, is approved for use in people from 9 to 45 years of age who live in areas with a high incidence of dengue, is administered in three doses over twelve months, prevents dengue infections.

Impact on society’s health

The severity of the current epidemiological outbreak of Dengue in Mexico is of the utmost importance, the upward trend by the epidemiological panoramas of the Ministry of Health where the numbers report that the cases have increased by 317%, with 2,827 confirmed cases forWeek 33 of 2018, against the 8,973 confirmed for the same week of 2019.

The epidemiological panorama determines that in non -serious cases women are more likely to contract dengue, according to the data it occurs in 55% in women and 45% in men, while severe dengue is presented in 54% women and women and46% men.

Preparation must be maintained and having an response to the outbreaks, it is urged that in the states the surveillance of the disease intensifies, containing laboratory diagnosis, reviewing its emergency plans, the surveillance and control of vectors are strengthened and extendedThat health care professionals are properly trained for the correct diagnosis and clinical management of dengue patients, involve society in prevention and control activities, the monitoring and systematization of the performance of the response in each outbreak must be guaranteed,Information to society is essential to reduce the impact.

Costs associated with disease

Within the framework of the XVI Colombian Congress of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, researchers at the Center for Economic Development Studies of the Faculty of Economics of the University of the Andes revealed research on the economic burden of dengue in Colombia and mentioned the studies carried out in Mexico andBrazil. (Alone, 2015)

In the case of Mexico, the total cost of the disease was USD $ 113 million and in Colombia it was USD $ 131 million in 2012, while Brazil paid USD $ 404 million in 2013. (Alone, 2015)

The cost of treatment for the health system in the three countries ranged between $ 32 and 52 at the case of outpatient dengue;326 to $ 490 by hospitalized case and from $ 1,512 to $ 5,361 by serious dengue case. (Alone, 2015)

Dengue is a disease that generates high costs not only for the health system, but for households and the state, these data include pocket expenses for patients, loading the health system and valuation by labor absenteeism. (Alone, 2015)

Conclusions

Conclusion on the subject in general and in particular on the impact of this disease and its relationship with the health care system of your community, public and private, as well as the role of administration in care.

A transmissible disease such as dengue, has high impact impacts on public health, both socially and economic. Undoubtedly, it remains a disease of mortal consequences in areas where they are not exactly marginal.

It is very important that the health sector pay special care and care in these areas to avoid possible outbreaks or infections, promoting the relevant conditions that the population must follow so as not to fall into this disease, that is, the promotion of prevention of prevention must be madeThe disease, for example, avoid having stagnant water in containers or any way in which it is stored, as well as perform periodic fumigations, so that, the population that lives near the river, stream or somewhere where the water is stagnant, isfind protected from some possible mosquito bite that causes this serious disease.

As a health professional, it is imperative to act immediately with the necessary training to safeguard the life of a patient infected with dengue and avoid having mortal consequences;In turn, together with the population, maintain adequate communication for timely prevention preventing the case index from increasing as seen in the last year.

Reference

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