DKA and DM

DKA and Diabetes Mellitus
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DKA and Diabetes Mellitus
The sharp abdominal pains are always associated with the hyperglycemia. Although comprehensive research has not evaluated on the link between the two, the pain associated with DKA is usually due to the abnormally high blood sugar in the blood. The vomiting, on the other hand, is caused by the depleted sodium and potassium salts which causes nausea hence constant vomiting. The high blood sugar is due to the lack of insulin which makes it the hallmark of DKA. It leads to other problems such as hyperventilation where there is rapid breathing, and the body takes in more oxygen than required (De Beer et al., 2008). Complications such as acute kidney failure are caused by dehydration which is a common occurrence in DKA. The rapid breathing can further result in respiratory distress as more oxygen is taken in than what is required. The constant vomiting also leads to low potassium level a complication which results in constant fatigue, paralysis or abnormal heartbeats.
On diabetes mellitus, if the cells are not getting enough glucose, they turn to fats where they burn the fat, and as a result, ketones are produced. Additionally, due to the excessive working of the kidneys, there will always be constant passing of urine (Gosmanov & Gosmanova, & Dillard-Cannon 2014). It is further accompanied by general body fatigue and weight loss as there are reduced appetite and high burning of fats to produce the required energy.

On complication diabetes mellitus causes the narrowing of blood vessels thus resulting in the possibility of developing a cardiovascular problem. Additionally, the excess sugar in the blood can injure the tiny blood vessels walls thus resulting in numbness, pain or tingling effect in a patient’s muscle (American Diabetes Association, 2017). The same damage can be done on the kidney since it has several filters which can be altered permanently by diabetes hence resulting to complications requiring dialysis or a kidney transplant (Van et al., 2017). Due to the stressful nature of the condition many patients fall into a depression which is a complication that affects the effective management of diabetes.

References
American Diabetes Association. (2017). 2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes. Diabetes care, 40(Supplement 1), S11-S24.
De Beer, K., Michael, S., Thacker, M., Wynne, E., Pattni, C., Gomm, M., . . . Ullah, K. (2008). Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome – clinical guidelines. Nursing in Critical Care, 13(1), 5.
Gosmanov, A. R., Gosmanova, E. O., & Dillard-Cannon, E. (2014). Management of adult diabetic ketoacidosis. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, 7, 255-264. doi:10.2147/DMSO.S50516
Van, d. V., Damen, J., Haentjens, C., Ballaux, D., & Bouts, B. (2017). An exceptionalcase of diabetic ketoacidosis. Case Reports in Emergency Medicine, 2017 doi:http://dx.doi.org.eztest.ocls.ca/10.1155/2017/4351620