HIV Rates in Black Men

HIV Rates in Black Men
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HIV Rates in Black Men
According to a recent report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2017), African Americans represent the largest percentage of new HIV infections and individuals living with AIDS. According to CDC (2017), as of 2015, African American individuals only represented 12% of the US population but were overrepresented (a staggering 48%) in the number of individuals ever diagnosed with HIV. Specifically, gay and bisexual men comprise the largest number of new infections among this race. In Atlanta, the rate of new HIV infections among this group has been termed as of “epidemic proportions” (Corona, 2017). The CDC reports that the rate of HIV diagnoses was 58.3 per 100,000 for African Americans, while for Hispanics and White Americans was 18.5 and 6.7 per 100,000 individuals respectively CITATION Cen17 l 2057 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017).
Staples (2017a) argues that one in two gay men of Africa American descent will get infected at some point in their life. In a different article, Staples (2017b) estimates the likelihood of contracting HIV among black gay men to be more than 22 times that of other blacks. According to a study by Sullivan et al. (2014), black gay men represent 60% of individuals living with HIV although African Americans only comprise 30% of Atlanta’s population. While endeavoring to describe racial disparities in HIV pervasiveness in Atlanta, Sullivan et al.

(2015) note that the incidence of HIV among young black gays is approximately four times higher than those of other gay men nationwide. In their study, Goodreau et al. (2017) noted that in Atlanta, African American gay men had an HIV prevalence of 43%, a 3.3 fold difference with their white counterparts (13%).
Table SEQ Table * ARABIC 1: Racial disparity of rate of HIV infection for the year 2015
Nationally Atlanta
Black 48% 70%
Hispanics 24% 7%
Whites 26% 19%

Annotated Bibliography
BIBLIOGRAPHY l 2057 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017, October 26). HIV among African Americans. Retrieved from HIV/AIDS: https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/group/racialethnic/africanamericans/index.html.
This webpage gives an overview of the prevalence of HIV among African Americans, nationwide. According to the CDC, African Americans are disproportionately represented. Moreover, the figures reveal the incidence of HIV is highest in black gay and bisexual men. The webpage also attempts to highlight the prevention challenges and complexities that bring out this disparity in HIV prevalence.
Corona, W. (2017, August 31). Atlanta’s ‘third world’ HIV epidemic isn’t getting any better, CDC says [Video File]. Retrieved from WSB-TV: http://www.wsbtv.com/news/local/atlanta/atlantas-third-world-hiv-epidemic-isnt-getting-any-better-cdc-says/601306390.
This news feature discusses the HIV epidemic that is facing gay and bisexual men in Atlanta. The reporter interviews an activist who points out stigma as the leading cause of rising HIV infections among gay men, especially those of African American origin.
*Goodreau, S. M., Rosenberg, E. S., Jenness, S. M., Luisi, N., Stansfield, S. E., Millett, G. A., & Sullivan, P. S. (2017). Sources of racial disparities in HIV prevalence in men who have sex with men in Atlanta, GA, USA: a modeling study. Lancet HIV, 4(7), e311-e320.
This article attempts to identify the sources of racial disparity in the prevalence of HIV among gay men in Atlanta. The authors concentrate on black and white populations and come up with a dynamic model to study care patterns network attributes and risk behaviors. The researcher utilizes data from two Atlanta based studies on their sample population.
Staples, G. B. (2017a, August 27). The silent epidemic: Black gay men and HIV. Retrieved from myAJC: http://specials.myajc.com/black-men-HIV/.
The author of this article interviews Duncan Teague, an HIV activist for over 30 years. Teague, an openly gay black man, narrates how he watched the HIV epidemic unfold in Atlanta three decades ago. This prompted the Unitarian Universalist minister to get involved in with AID education program in Atlanta.
Staples, G. B. (2017b, August 25). The Silent Epidemic: Counting the cost of being ignored [Video File]. Retrieved from AJC.com: https://www.ajc.com/lifestyles/the-silent-epidemic-counting-the-cost-being-ignored/ikyiCw4WDjESbu1HBjbGTI/.
In this video, Reverend Duncan Teague narrates how the HIV epidemic came to be in Atlanta. The minister discusses his arrival to Atlanta in 1985 and the activism he has been part of for over three decades.
*Sullivan, P. S., Peterson, J., Rosenberg, E. S., Kelley, C. F., Cooper, H., Vaughan, A., . . . Sanchez, T. H. (2014). Understanding Racial HIV/STI Disparities in Black and White Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Multilevel Approach. PLoS ONE, 9(3), e90514.
In this study, the authors employ a multilevel approach in a bid to understand the racial disparity in prevalence of HIV and other STI among black and white gay men in Atlanta. The study reveals differences between black and white gay men at individual and community levels that may help explain the disparity in HIV prevalence. Nonetheless, the researchers admit that the role of race in HIV prevalence is complex and requires more studies to comprehend.
*Sullivan, P. S., Rosenberg, E. S., Sanchez, T. H., Kelley, C., Luisi, N., Cooper, H., . . . Peterson, J. (2015). Explaining Racial Disparities in HIV Incidence in a Prospective Cohort of Black and White Men Who Have Sex with Men in Atlanta, GA: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study. Annals of Epidemiology, 25(6), 445-454.
This study attempts to explain the racial disparity in HIV prevalence among black and white gay men in Atlanta. The researchers reveal that personal risk behaviors cannot be used to explain the disproportionate representation of black gay men. The authors also point out that access to care and treatment are major factors that should be considered when discussing this matter.

References
BIBLIOGRAPHY Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017, October 26). HIV Among African Americans. Retrieved from HIV/AIDS: https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/group/racialethnic/africanamericans/index.html
Corona, W. (2017, August 31). Atlanta’s ‘third world’ HIV epidemic isn’t getting any better, CDC says. Retrieved from WSB-TV: http://www.wsbtv.com/news/local/atlanta/atlantas-third-world-hiv-epidemic-isnt-getting-any-better-cdc-says/601306390
Goodreau, S. M., Rosenberg, E. S., Jenness, S. M., Luisi, N., Stansfield, S. E., Millett, G. A., & Sullivan, P. S. (2017). Sources of racial disparities in HIV prevalence in men who have sex with men in Atlanta, GA, USA: a modelling study. Lancet HIV, 4(7), e311-e320.
Staples, G. B. (2017, August 27). The silent epidemic:. Retrieved from myAJC: http://specials.myajc.com/black-men-HIV/
Staples, G. B. (2017, August 25). The Silent Epidemic: Counting the cost of being ignored. Retrieved from AJC.com: https://www.ajc.com/lifestyles/the-silent-epidemic-counting-the-cost-being-ignored/ikyiCw4WDjESbu1HBjbGTI/
Sullivan, P. S., Peterson, J., Rosenberg, E. S., Kelley, C. F., Cooper, H., Vaughan, A., . . . Sanchez, T. H. (2014). Understanding Racial HIV/STI Disparities in Black and White Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Multilevel Approach. PLoS ONE, 9(3), e90514.
Sullivan, P. S., Rosenberg, E. S., Sanchez, T. H., Kelley, C., Luisi, N., Cooper, H., . . . Peterson, J. (2015). Explaining Racial Disparities in HIV Incidence in a Prospective Cohort of Black and White Men Who Have Sex With Men in Atlanta, GA: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study. Annals of Epidemiology, 25(6), 445-454.