Identify and discuss two key issues in the relationship between Modern and Postmodern architecture. You should examine two of the following texts

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Relationship between Modern and Post-Modern Architecture
Modern architects and post-modern architects have had a lot of disagreements on what is right when it comes to making buildings. The relationship between the society and the art has also posed a great challenge for the post-modernists and modern architectures to come up with ideal compromises for the development of the industry. The modern nature of architecture maintained the cultural aspects of life and only created features in houses that had a necessary use in the creation. In contrast, post-modernist included many aspects in the creation of building to embody the evolving society. The naturalism and simplicity of the modern era of architecture were becoming monotonous and boring even to the common people (Elie 498). A new breed had to crop up to salvage the diminishing relationship and hope for the industry.
Post-modern architecture dates back to the 1950s, but the realization of the movement came to light in the 1970s and 1980s. The post-modern architecture was highly embraced in America and Europe, but other parts of the world joined in as time progressed. Post-modern architecture got its supremacy from the failing modern architecture movement. The support of the society gave post-modern architecture a place to grow regardless of the negative criticism that modern architectures associated with the new breed of buildings. Many differences between the two movements exist, but the major issues that can bring an ideal relationship comparison between the modern and post-modern architecture include the use of language in architecture and the use of reference and ornament (Connor 77).

Each of these aspects of the new era where adopted by the subsequent generation to create the architectural industry as we know it today.
The use of language in architectural work to relate to the society was a new idea brought in the post-modern era of the industry. In the modern periods, buildings were kept as simple as possible, and only features that served necessary purposes in the houses were included in the building. Moreover, the artists at the time had semantic codes designed uniquely for each architect (Jencks 55). The aspect of having a single code in a whole building as the signature of the artist brought monotony in the society, and people wanted to see a change in the way the houses were designed.
To serve this need, the post-modern art designed several aspects that helped the architect communicate to the society including he use of metaphor, words, syntax, and semantics (Jencks 68). Each of these aspects served to connect the society with the artwork and ensured that people could relate to the architectural work. For instance, several language features were used in the tombs of important people in the society. One could tell to whom the tombstone belonged by just looking at the features used in the architectural work. Moreover, people could relate to their loved ones even after death by using various designs on the tombstones. Identification with the members of the society who were no longer present was quite possible with the use of langue in architecture hence the great support from the society to the post-modern architectures.
Post-modernism in architecture allowed artists to use more than one language feature on their creations. Shapes were also used as information tools especially when done on public buildings. Churches, for instance, wanted several features added to their sanctuaries including interior and exterior designs. The followers of the Christian faith were able to choose the best places of worship by looking at the symbols and the features used on the church buildings. Moreover, the use of various designs in creating architectural works allowed the architects to use less space, which was quite welcome in a society whose population was growing proportionally to the available land. The modern traditional shape of buildings and other architectural features consumed so much space in the interest of maintaining simplicity and culture. Moreover, although some level of language was used in creating architectural work in the modern world, people were limited to using only a single aspect of language. In fact, only semantic codes existed, the rest of the language features were added in the post-modern ear under the influence of Jencks. The combination of various aspects of communication allowed the artists to explore their creativity and bring new ideas t the industry that could be developed by the subsequent generation in the future (Hay 108). In other words, post-modern architecture laid an ideal platform for the next movement to carry on the development and the growth of the industry.
Metaphoric use as a language in post-modern architecture allowed people to exercise their wit and experience in their creations. Architecture is based ion thinking and limiting people to traditional mechanism kills the enthusiasm of the players and the interested of the society in work. When the society is not interested in the artwork, the industry dies thus affecting the economic stability of society (Woods 302). The American and the European governments invested in post-modern art because it served the needs of the people and encouraged the consumption of the artwork.
Modern architecture focused on simplicity and denied the use of complicated features such as references and ornament in an artwork. However, the post-modern design was made in a complicated manner to serve the needs of the society. The goals of the modern and post-modern architecture varied on the professionalism of the use of these aspects of art. The post-modern architectural movement goal was to break free from the backward rules that limited the progress of the industry. Some of these rules were put in place during the modern era because history records the use of references and ornaments in the pre-modern era. As such, modernism had stripped important aspects of art from architectural work and included unnecessary rules that served to drag the industry behind (Habermas 1760. The goal of the modern movement was to ensure simplicity and the use of a minimal material in making buildings and other architectural structures. Modern architectures even simplified the shapes of building to serve this goal of simplicity. For instance, the column buildings from the pre-modern era were changed into cylindrical buildings during the modern movement because the latter were easy and cheap to construction in comparison to the former.
Post-modernism allowed people to express themselves through architecture. Moreover, people were able to combine various techniques from different eras to create an ideal building. The modern era did not allow people to borrow from other movements. People were only supposed to create a building that echoed the principles of the modern period. The aspect led to a monotonous effect for both the architectures and the society, hence the birth of post-modern architecture. The post-modernist brought back the life of architecture that existed during the pre-modern era and the earlier periods (Connor 96). Theorist such as Jencks and Jurgen fought relentlessly to have these old features of architecture brought back to life arguing that the beauty of architecture was in its complicated nature. The simplifying architecture was not a move towards the future but one that led to the backsliding of the industry.
The post-modern movement combined cultural, local, and modern aspects of architecture to create their work. The freedom to borrow from different eras helped the architectures to remain relevant to the world that was becoming more global and more sophisticated. For instance, through the creativity of using different features from different eras, an architect could serve people from complicated cultures such as the Indian community that values the physical appearance of its estates. The post-modern era changed architecture from a plain and monotonous industry to a highly creative and playful industry that allowed the input of individual to make changes in the industry (Woods 41). People were allowed to work independently and explore the available options of bettering the architectural work for the greater good of the industry.
Various issues characterize the modern and post-modern architecture. The post-modern era brought about the revolution of the industry and led to the abandonment of the simplicity approach that the modern era advocated for in the creation f architectural work. Moreover, the use of different features of language was used in the post-modern era to keep the society connected to the works of the architects. References and ornaments were used in post-modern architecture both the creation of interior and exterior designs. The aspects of architecture brought about by post-modernist have been embraced by subsequent movements and have helped to shape the society as it is today.

Works Cited
Connor, Steven. Postmodernist Culture: An Introduction to Theories of the Contemporary. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1989. Print.
Elie, Haddad. “Charles Jencks and the historiography of Postmodernism.” The Journal of Architecture 14.4 (2009): 493-510. Print.
Habermas, Jurgen “Modern and Postmodern Architecture.” In Rethinking Architecture, edited by Neil Leach. London, Routledge, 1997. Print.
Jencks, Charles. The Language of Postmodern Architecture. London: Academy, 1977. Print.Hays, K M. Architecture theory since 1968. Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press, 2008. Print.
Jencks, Charles. The Story of Post-Modernism: Five Decades of the Ironic, Iconic, and Critical in Architecture. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2012. Print.
Woods, Tim. Beginning Postmodernism. Manchester New York New York: Manchester University Press Distributed exclusively in the USA by St. Martin’s Press, 2007. Print.