Michel Foucault And Judith Butler In The French Thought Of The Twentieth Century

Michel Foucault and Judith Butler in the French thought of the twentieth century

Michel Foucault was one of the most prominent exponents of thought in the twentieth century as well as Judith Butler is a representative figure of French thought in the twentieth century. They focused on the problem of how the various areas such as politics, the State, the Church, the family among others, which all this are called power institutions, in what are studies of gender, sex and discrimination are influencedFor the abnormal. You have wondered why do we discriminate what is different from normal?, This is Foucault’s main question, we are a species that we reject the abnormal, but this rejection comes with previous learning, you have also asked yourself the question of why is it not spoken freely about sex? Is this still a taboo? You have heard that if you talk about sex and ask for a definition, everyone arrives or agrees with a single idea, it owes the patriarchy regime that is, everything fits with the State, the problem is not sex but the concept that has been built in atruth of sex in addition to that they have instilled that the legal form of sex is in such a way and is correct. Departing a little, but at the same time related to the subject, the question is given. What makes you a woman? Your dress? What makes you man? How do you act?, These are Butler’s main questions, but rather it is that all this is accommodated to stereotypes created by the State, the body is the material of anyone then being a man or woman is the labeling that society that will regulate ouridentities, actions and our bodies inclusive.

Foucault’s analysis about society took a turn in relation to the way we thought about power, we can make a quick connection between sexuality and power, in everything there are power relations because they circulate all the time, Foucault gave three gave threegreat themes in which he will find a relationship between power, know and subject. Foucault proclaims that the subject is subject is something paradoxical, which tries to explain that the person is being tied such as their gender, culture and history, in the second element that is knowledge implies that all power seeks to naturalize all knowledge,Foucault is the thinker of denaturation, since he will deny the idea of madness, he will find how the idea of madness are modified, in previous times to the crazy people put them in a ship to navigate excluding it from societies because they believed it wasA catastrophic being and could alter the State, first joined them with the lepers when the psychiatric clinics appeared attended not only the crazy ones but also the criminals and homosexuals. Foucault compares the State with the prison falling into account that the society where we live is a large prison, we observe power as something that is bigger and with greater command than all, in addition to reprimanding;We have the power in mind as the one that comes to hold ourselves, so we see sexuality, sex cannot be spoken freely, they are simply silenced by the repressive hypothesis.

“Prisons, hospitals and schools present similarities because they serve for the first intention of civilization: coercion.'(Michel Foucault). This appointment refers to the fact that these mentioned power institutions are similar because they discipline the human being with the objective of a civilization where there is a union between people, social groups to achieve a common purpose.

Foucault says that there has never been more talk about sex that now today, but when we already have the "permission" and we get to understand, we fall into the problem that we talk in a single way, that is, the form that is normal or theCorrect, and this is influenced by the institutions of power which gives as a consequence that gay, lesbian, transsexual among others is unacceptable because the perfect modality is heterosexuality. In the repressive hypothesis he presents the device of sexuality in which he says that we have the intrigue to know of sex, but nevertheless we all continue with that repression. The normative is heterosexuality, the normative at social level both in women or men is if you are a woman you have to sit well if you are a man you have to urinate stop that is the repressive hypothesis because that is what is part of those whoWe constantly repeat then the transformation that life begins to be the object of power because now they allow you to talk about sex, but it is another form of control by biopolitics.

"Company control over individuals is not only carried out through consciousness, but also in the body and body" (Michel Foucault). This appointment refers that society not only and involves the individual’s conscience also plays a role in the body and from there we can welcome us to talk about Janeth Butler.

Janeth Butler is one of the most influential contemporary philosophers in gender studies, she pronounces that the codes of being male or women are not prescribed in our biological condition, rather it is the result of a social and cultural construction. Sex and gender are binary words that were understood only in phase to the biological and the cultural, but Butler does not find a difference between sex and gender because it has its point of view in which both are a construction while the body is the material thatYou will suffer the consequences if the rules of normality are not complied with in a regulatory hetero society. Discrimination will be observed and stripping it of basic rights, but the strongest punishment is when there is the impossibility of being consistent in their sexual identity and consequently recognized. Every human being at birth has no identity that is, there is no subject, the subject is created in how we act as it grows, and how they teach us to act and all this derives from the influence of society so thatrelates very close to power institutions. Thus implying that orientation, identity and gender expression are the result of a social, historical and cultural construction, therefore, there are no sexual roles or roles.

Butler postulates that sex is no longer considered a truth is instead a perforative significance made. The relevant thing about what Butler postulates is that the significance can be undone of its interiority or essence, that is, what was culturally built around you. Genres are not true or false because it is only a fantasy established in the bodies that is the material. The body and the members with whom you are born do not define the gender, this is a stereotype that the State was created so that the pres-social subject does not exist.

Butler draws attention to people of sex or fluid gender who do not agree with the cultural norms of a normal subject because of this a coherence between sex, gender, sexual practice and desire is established, that is, the normal thing of a person with "vagina"It is that she feels a woman, that she likes female sexual practices and that she wishes a man, but a person who plays arbitrarily with both genres would be accepted. This would fracture the hetero society. Something very important is that there is no hidden gender identity in gender expressions that identity is built, that is, you are a man when you act like a man. The objective of this is how the binary relationship of the genres is accepted, man or woman is not born just to do so for what is neither an end nor end in that process of transformation.

It should be said that as the gender process is openly, you can act as a man, since its sex sex is not frozen and is not fixed so that giving so much thought to the acceptance of a third genre would be preferable to eliminate the ideology of the genre.

‘Understanding gender as a historical category is to accept that gender, understood as a cultural way to configure the body, is open to its continuous reform, and that the’ anatomy ‘and’ sex ‘do not exist without a cultural framework’ (Judith Butler).

Levi Strauss talks about the incest where the son wishes the mother is a heterosexual but relatively prohibited relationship, and taking Freud into account that he tells us that if the father is chosen as a sexual object they are feminine and if he chooses as a sexual object as a sexual object toThe mother is masculine reinforcing the idea that if men are attracted you are effeminate and if women are attracted to you, this is the heterosexual matrix of desire. Incest is not only repressed in addition to being used to have behaviors that are correct.

"Each individual must lead their life so that others can respect and admire it" (Foucault).

In conclusion, we have that for Foucault there is no sexuality at the biological level as well for Butler, its problem rotates in the social, political and religious contour that will influence the conception of sex and gender, they try to explain that sex is being only seenFrom the point of view of the State, in addition to the fact that there is repression by this and that the genre is taking place as a type of stereotype that makes society where there is no space for the diversity of sex and gender. This difference becomes abnormal and frownedstill with restrictions.