Multiple Sclerosis And Montel Williams Coursework Example

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Multiple Sclerosis and Montel Williams
A renowned television personality, a successful military man, an actor and an author are some of the achievements of Montel Williams. Not to mention, he is the founder and owner of Montel Williams Show. However, his worst depression has been his battle with an ailment feared for its lifelong association with the central nervous system. He first discovered his disease in 1980 (Childer n.p). He happened to reveal to the public that he has had multiple sclerosis. Luckily, his condition is in the non-progressive form. What is the epidemiology, the diagnosis criteria, the pathophysiology, the clinical manifestations and the management of this condition in relevance to our subject?
Different definitions have explained Multiple Sclerosis as a condition that results in multiple lesions which cause central nervous system injury. The disease is prevalent among the young, with an approximate median age of twenty-eight years. The incidence is at approximately 0.1% of the U.S population. The risk of acquiring the condition raises with a family history of the occurrence. It also occurs more commonly in the female gender rather than in men (Wingerchuk, Claudia & John 263).
When the defensive immune system acts on the axon fibers of the white and grey matter, it causes an inflammatory process. The inflammation leads the release of the interleukin factors. As a healing mechanism, the body adjusts by dissolving and excreting the won out cells, which leaves lessons in the advanced cases of the condition.

The progression of the illness occurs in four forms which regroup as either progressive or non-progressive. They include the primary progressive, secondary progressive, progressive relapsing and the relapsing-remitting varieties.
The pathology of the illness in the white matter is characteristic with demyelination, which results in the white matter plaque” and sparing of the axons. On investigations, the pathology reveals cell loss, deposition of immunogens such as the interleukin factors and digoxin-like immunoreactive substance, injury to axons and patterns of remyelination as a healing mechanism. The type of inflammation in the illness results from Cytokine-mediated inflammatory responses. Additionally, the T-helper cells will persist to indicate the inflammatory process being in progress. It will involve the TH1 and the TH2 inflammatory cells. When the β-amyloid precursor protein appears on the site, it causes the identification of the damaged cells. The process results in characteristics of “Multiple Sclerosis plaques,” which identify the condition.
In the clinical presentation, the site of the lesions determines the symptoms since central nervous system coordinates the sensory and motor functions. The most common symptoms affect the strength of the muscles. The most common manifestations include loss of sensation (paresthesia), muscle cramps that results from the association of the spinal cord, sexual, bladder and bowel impairment due to autonomic nervous system involvement. Other symptoms are the bilateral facial weakness, eye involvement, and fatigue. The patients might fail to recognize the rising level of depression. In rare cases, the patients present with seizures and paroxysmal symptoms such as purities (Wingerchuk, Claudia & John 273).
In conclusion, the general management of the condition focuses on stabilizing the patient. Since depression I prevalent through the patient’s life, atypical antipsychotics are used in the regimen. Aripiprazole is indicated as the first line, with a low maintenance dose of 2mg daily (P.O Aripiprazole 2mg OD). The seizures are managed with carbamazepine if focal and sodium valproate if generalized in the first line. The specific management involves the use of β-amyloid inhibitors (e,g β-interferons), glatiramer acetate mitoxantrone. The appropriate management aims at stopping the formation of the lesions and decreasing the rate of inflammation (Wingerchuk, Claudia & John 275).
Works Cited
Childer Linda. “Montel Williams: Living With MS.” Everyday Health. 14 Nov. 2017. www.everydayhealth.com/neurology/multiple-sclerosis/montel-williams-living-with-ms/Wingerchuk, Dean M., Claudia F. Lucchinetti, and John H. Noseworthy. “Multiple sclerosis: current pathophysiological concepts.” Laboratory investigation 81.3 (2001): 263-381.