Nursing Profession 2

Professional Nursing Practice
Saidatu Kamara
Western Governors University
A. Tran culture nursing theory
The Trans culture nursing theory has greatly influenced my value as a nurse since I have known the different ways to interact with different patients who come for treatment from different cultural backgrounds. It is my aim to familiarize with different cultural beliefs as much as possible since I am also interested in making new friends in different parts of the world (Leininger, 2013). On the other hand, knowing different cultural beliefs makes me work with ease when it comes to handling a patient from a particular culture that I am familiar with. The nurses, however, apply this theory to treatment and handling a patient without causing much irritation to them. Once the nurse is much diversified in the cultural understanding of several cultures, s/he has limited difficulties on helping the patient, and therefore the nurse would be in a position to tell the mood changes that the patient wears when undergoing the treatment process (Leininger, 2013). Similarly, the nurse uses these cultural differences to interpret the rate at which the patient feels pain or suffers in general.
The Transcultural nursing theory fits the profession of nursing since it enlightens the nurse to a diversified mind and to be able to medicate patients from all over the country and even in the entire world rather than being confined to work in a single community because of limited diversity. On the same note, the diversity brought by this theory gives the nurses the opportunity to explore how other nurses conduct their duty further, and therefore it helps the nurses to improve the quality of service that they offer to the general public or the clients that they handle in the healthcare (Leininger, 2013).

The familiarity of the nurses to different cultures give them the opportunity to have a good communication skill on how to communicate with the patients as required of them in their cultures. It also ensures that there is relevancy in the activities that are done by the nurse in the nursing homes or the healthcare centers.
B. Historical figures
In the early nineteen century, the nurses did not attend the nursing school to get the experience. Those that were conducting the nursing activities were the nuns who were responsible for taking care of the homeless, those who were poor and sick as well as those that did not have the family support in general (“The History of Nursing”, 2018). Women are known as were usually invited to help the mothers who were giving birth while others women were involved in the breastfeeding of the babies whose mothers died during the delivery and they acted as the web nurses. In the middle age, however, the nurses the building of hospital were made, but most of them were managed by the religious organizations. And also during this time, the expansion of the nursing profession occurred due to the care that was offered to the soldiers since there were many wars that used to occur resulting in the injury of the soldiers (“The History of Nursing”, 2018). Most of the nurses who worked during this period were involved in maintaining the sanitation of the places in the country as well as reducing the infection incidences to the injured and the sick. The other figure, however, occurred during the late 19th century and the early 20th century when the nursing professions were taken seriously, and the training of nurses in the nursing schools were done. The nurses also started doing other duties that were only done by the doctor. And also the nurses have no restrictions anymore on staying at the bedside of the patients. There are also advancement that were done in the nursing profession such as degree level, masters level as well as doctorate level.
In the first figure, the nurses were not chosen on the knowledge that they have in nursing but on the experience and availability. In the second figure, however, the nurses are trained, and one can specialize in a specific area rather than staying at the bedside of the patient all trough. In the first figure the nurses were influenced by the incidence of the wars that occurred frequently, but in the second figure, nursing is done as a profession and not only when there is a need.
The first figure has a great influence on my profession a nurse since it teaches me the “duty of a nurse is to give back to the community” and to ensure that I am available to the community in their times of need. It has also influenced my profession on how to extend my services to even the poor and the homeless who do not have a family to take care of them. In the second figure, however, I am influenced to have the freedom to specialize in any form of medication other than staying at the bedside of the patient all through as a nurse.
C. Difference between BON and ANA
The functional difference between the board of nursing and the American Nurses Association is that the board of nursing is responsible to take care of the welfare of the public’s health by ensuring that nursing care is only given by the nurses who are licensed or those that are registered (Martinez, 2011). The Board of Nursing is also involved in dealing with issues that concern the common interest of the public such as their safety, health, and welfares dealing with the examining the nurses who are yet to be provided by license. The American Nurses Association, on the other hand, acts as the voice of all the registered nurses. The organization is concerned with the representation of the whole registered population of nurses in US. The representations of the nurses range from the congress hall, the boardrooms and event the federal agencies as well as the hospitals where the nurses work. This group is also responsible for ensuring that the rights of the registered nurses are observed, and no violations of these rights are practices.
The roles that are played by the Board of Nursing are to ensure that there is safety in public and the public also receives the required treatment in the hands of the qualified nurses that have passed the license examination. They also keep in touch with the public so that they get to know the problems they might be going through to get the required solution (Martinez, 2011). The same group a greater duty of licensing of the nurses in the entire country. The American Nurses Association is normally involved in the representation of the nurses in different places, and they also fight for the rights of the nurses in the country.
The two organizations influence my nursing practice differently. For instance, the Board of Nursing is responsible for ensuring that I am registered as a qualified nurse after passing my license test (“Boards & Regulation | NCSBN”, 2018). And also the Board of Nursing coordinates with the public and keep us updated on any health issues that “require the attention of the nurses”. This makes it easier for us as the nurse to handle these patients easily since we have preparated for the work. Similarly, the Board of Nursing helps the nurses in “teaching the public on some of the things that they should do when they are sick” (Martinez, 2011). On the other hand, the American Nurses Association is responsible for fighting for my right as a nurse and also ensuring that I work under a conducive environment without any form of exploitation or mistreatment by the management or the bosses representing us in the workplaces. The association also represents us whenever we are committed to our daily duties. They also “bargain for the rights of the nurses and also ensure that the nurses enjoy some of the privileges” both in the workplaces and when off duties. In addition, they make sure that all the nurses are given equal treatment once they are registered by the board of nursing regardless of the place of work. The American Nurses Association also bargains the salaries paid to the nurses, and therefore it encourages the nurses to work with a lot of zeal once registered by the board.
After eight years the nurse license expires, and it is required that the renewal is done for the registered nurses. Some of the requirements for the renewal of the license are the delinquent fee for the renewal. The registered nurse must also have a competency proof that shows that s/he is a registered nurse and is allowed to work within the state or the U.S. territory at large (“Boards & Regulation | NCSBN”, 2018). In case the competency proof is not available, the nurse has to sit for the licensing exam to be awarded a new license by the board of nursing (Martinez, 2011). Similarly, the nurse must have 30 hours education training that is continuing. In case the nurse want to renew a license from another state, then the nurse must have an active license from that state especially the states within the United States. In any case, the stated requirements are not met by the nurse then s/he will be denied the renewal of the license and is also barred from conducting his/her duties as a nurse in the New York State. And also only the registered nurse is allowed to use the title and the abbreviation of the nurse and is allowed to assume the public office.
A compact state versus a non-compact state
The requirements for one to hold a multistate nurse license (compact state), the individual must not have any disciplinary cases concerning his/her license in his/her home state. And also the nurse must be a member of a state that participates in compact states. And the nurse must have the required educational qualification of becoming a nurse as well as paid for the license. On the other hand, in the non-compact state, the registered nurses adhere to the requirements in their states and the nurses don’t have the freedom to work in other states.
D. Difference between FDA and CMS
The functional differences between FDA and CMS are as follows, the FDA plays a crucial part in the protection of the public as well as promoting their health by supervising the safety of foodstuffs that they consume and even other products such as tobacco as well as other pharmaceutical drugs that they purchase over-the-counter (“Food and Drug Administration”, 2005). The FDA also controls the blood transfusions that are done to the public and the medical devices that are used in the hospitals. Other devices applied in the healthcare such as the electromagnetic radiations and biopharmaceuticals are all under their control (“Food and Drug Administration”, 2005). They also ensure that there is safety on the human drugs and the veterinary drugs. The CMS, on the contrary, offers a medical program to the public in conjunction with the government of the states. They give medical insurance cover for the elderly people and the newly born babies and children in general in the US. The insurance coverage offered to the elderly is called “the federal health insurance program for the elderly” while that of the children is known as “the federal needs-based program that helps with medical costs.”
These two agencies give the nurse the tendency of giving back to the society by ensuring that the general public is informed and are protected from the factors that might endanger their lives such as diseases. From the agencies, the nurse is enlightened on the support is given to the society such as the health teachings and health counseling. The role of a nurse, “as an advocate for the patient”, is to do an interpretation of diagnosis done to the patients and also helping the patients in decision-making concerning their health. They also link the doctors with the sick. Nurse Practice Act in New York State
Nurse practice acts are the laws that govern the nurses by giving the outline of the responsibilities that the nurses should undertake as well as the extent to which their practice should cover. The importance of these acts is to offer protection to the patients in case the practice is to be conducted by an incompetent and unqualified nurse (“Nurse Practice Act, Rules & Regulations”, 2014). This practice makes me as a nurse to be very vigilant and hardworking to deliver the required quality of services to the patients being handled. The nurses equally become submissive and understanding to the patients that they are taking care of. The scope of a registered nurse in New York States practice involves the carrying out a diagnosis to the patient as well as treatments (“Nurse Practice Act, Rules & Regulations”, 2014). The nurses also conduct health counseling as well as teachings. The delegation of duties for the registered nurses is defined in the states depending on the task that should be performed by the nurse, the circumstances under which the nurse works, the person who is doing the activity if properly qualified and even directions provided to the nurse. The New York State also looks into the level of supervision of the nurse during the time the nurse does the task.
F Nurse Roles
A nurse scientist is involved in the carrying out research that helps in improving the nursing field. The scientist is also performing some activities such as analysis of data, study design as well as giving the result report. As a detective, however, the nurse is involved in reading the face of the patient and knowing what the patient is suffering from (“Clinical Research Nurse Roles”, 2016). The nurse also has good skills to ask questions and also s/he is very knowledgeable. In addition, a nurse as a manager of the healing environment, the nurses manage to cope up with the challenges that they encounter in their workplaces. They also take the responsibility of every patient that they handle as well as avoiding the anxiety that they go through in their working environment as they ensure that they bring the best out of all the hostilities.
G Nurses Code of Ethics
Some of the provisions of the code of ethics in American Nurses Association are as discussed below. The basic commitment of the nurse is the sick that s/he offer his/her care regardless of the definition of the sick as a group or an individual (Slate, 2015). The other provision is the mandate of nurses to offer protection of the rights, the safety and the healthiness of the sick being given “the nursing care for the sick in the healthcare”. These provisions make a nurse work with diligence and are very submissive to the patients. And also the provisions give the nurse an insight of the duties that the nurse is expected to do (Slate, 2015). Concerning the protection, “the nurse acts as an advocate for the patient about the privacies of the patient”. One of the nursing errors that may occur in the clinical setting includes the patient fall (Johnson, 2013). The patient may fall when getting on or off the bed. According to the provisions, the nurse can offer assistance to the patient whenever the patient has difficulty to get on or off the bed. Besides, because of the primary duty of the nurse to make sure that the sick is in safe hand, the nurse should ensure that s/he monitors any form of movements for instance, being turned or whenever the sick undergo difficulties or pain. In addition, the reason for the employment of the nurse is the patients, and therefore they should be treated as the bosses who offer a job opportunity to the nurses (Johnson, 2013). The nurses are also expected to use their times properly by staying beside the patients and making inquiries incase the patients need some assistance from the nurses.
H. Nursing Leadership
Some of the leadership traits in a nurse include having a good communication skill, good delegation, being business minded, and also being good at conflict resolution. A nurse at the bedside can practice these traits as follows; when the nurse wants to get information from the patient s/he is taking care of, the nurse must have a good skill in the way s/he communicates to the patient. The nurse should also ensure that s/he delegates the duties well on how s/he will take good care of the patient such as the time to wash the patient as well as time to feed the patient (Leadership, 2014). The nurse should be time conscious so that all the activities go smoothly as required with the budget set aside to handle the patient. And also the nurse should ensure that s/he has a good conversation with the patient and incase there is anything that goes wrong, s/he should be in a position to reconcile with the patient, so that s/he maintains the good relationship with the patient. When it comes to working with the team, the leadership qualities that are evident in a good leader include having a strong and effective skill of communication to give a good service to the junior staffs as well as the patients. The communication gives the leader the opportunity to unite in the organization where he/she works and also to create a good relationship with one another in the firm. The other trait of a nurse leader is the delegation of duties to the team members in the healthcare. The leader should be one who understands the team members well and knows where they work best. When delegating the duties, the leader ensures that s/he makes the right choice to get a quality outcome. The leader should also be business minded (Leadership, 2014). For the nurse to have a good administrative as well as proper management, the business mind must exist in him/her, so that s/he doesn’t get overwhelmed with the duties in the healthcare that s/he manages. The business mind also enhances the departmental prosperity because of the good planning that s/he puts in place. Finally, the leader should be good at conflict resolution. The nurse should ensure that the other staff members work in harmony and no one hold a grudge against the fellow workmate. The resolutions of the conflict among the members enable them to pull together as one unit whenever there is a problem.
Impacts of the environment
The nursing leadership becomes easier when the work environment is conducive. For instance, where there is a good relationship between the leader and the people around him/her then the work will be easier. Similarly, decision making becomes simpler when there is an agreement among the members and when the members have respect for each other. For example, the work becomes easier if the nurses and the manager in the healthcare work hand in hand. Finally, the professional development in a firm is only possible where the issues are solved with ease, and when one can be accountable for the finances used in the organization. For instance, when there are drugs given out to be used, the nurses use them as recommended without wastage.
References
Boards & Regulation | NCSBN. (2018). NCSBN. Retrieved 17 January 2018, from https://www.ncsbn.org/boards.htm
Food and Drug Administration. (2005). Fda.gov. Retrieved 17 January 2018, from https://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/WhatWeDo/
Johnson, N. (2013). Eight Reasons Why You Can Call Yourself a Nurse Detective. Retrieved 17 January 2018, from http://ezinearticles.com/?Eight-Reasons-Why-You-Can-Call-Yourself-a-Nurse-Detective&id=7953083
Leadership. (2014). The 5 Most Important Qualities a Nurse Needs to Lead. South University. Retrieved 17 January 2018, from https://www.southuniversity.edu/whoweare/-5-most-important-qualities-a-nurse-needs-to-lead
Leininger, M. (2013). Madeleine Leininger’s Culture Care: Diversity And Universality Theory, 2(1), 93-99. Retrieved from http://nursing.jbpub.com/sitzman/ch15pdf.pdf
Martinez, J. (2011). American Nurses Association – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics. Sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 17 January 2018, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/nursing-and-health-professions/american-nurses-association
NIH Clinical Center: Clinical Research Nurse Roles. (2016). Clinicalcenter.nih.gov. Retrieved 17 January 2018, from https://clinicalcenter.nih.gov/nursing/careers/roles.html
Nurse Practice Act, Rules & Regulations | NCSBN. (2014). NCSBN. Retrieved 17 January 2018, from https://www.ncsbn.org/nurse-practice-act.htm
Slate, M. (2015). Nurses Code of Ethics, 1(1), 1-15. Retrieved from http://www.rn.org/courses/coursematerial-177.pdfThe History of Nursing. (2018). Nursing Schools Path. Retrieved 26 January 2018, from http://www.nursingschoolspath.com/the-history-of-nursing/