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Photosynthesis in Green Plants
Two main products of photosynthesis process are oxygen and glucose. Plants absorb water and later convert it to oxygen and hydrogen with the aid of energy from the sun. Furthermore, oxygen which is a by-product of photosynthesis is released into the atmosphere through tiny spaces on the leaf known as stomata (Krishnan 949). Hydrogen is utilized by plants in preparing their own food. Conversely, there is production and storage of glucose in the composite plant cell that has a molecular structure. This glucose acts as the energy source for living organisms.
The colour of green plants is as a result of a pigment known as chlorophyll. Photosynthesis is a process that heavily relies on chlorophyll because the pigment is instrumental in capturing energy from the sun. The pigment absorbs a given type of light wavelength that is present in the visible light spectrum; this pigment absorbs light in blue and red which are short and long wavelength respectively. Plants appear green because they do not absorb green light but reflect it. The chloroplast is the location in the leaf that houses chlorophyll. Plant leaves have types of chlorophyll structures namely a and b which differ slightly when analysed in terms of the single side chain. Spectrophotometer is used in the measurement of proportions of light having varying wavelengths which a pigment solution has absorbed and transmitted. This meter passes a light beam having a certain wavelength through the pigment solution under examination, for instance 1 mg of algae.

Later, it takes the measurement of light proportion being absorbed or transmitted by this algae pigment.
Plants manufacture starch primarily for storage of energy that will be utilized in future. Starch can be an amylose, which is one long chain. Also, it can be a combination of several individual chains that are connected to one another in a pattern known as amylopectin (Krishnan 953). On its own, iodine does not dissolve perfectly in water. However, iodide ion which dissolves in water is formed. When in contact with amylose, the ion gets stuck in the starch coils which make the ion to be linear and change the arrangement of the electron. The formed electron arrangement formed changes the manner in which the molecules absorb light and convert the solution from red-orange to blue-black. For amylopectin that exhibits a comparatively small area for binding, it takes in small amounts of iodine and turns to a pale purple-red solution.
Carotenoids can be found in a bacteria, algae, and different plants. In the body, they usually act as antioxidants and are instrumental in offering protection against the damage of cells, aging effects, and several chronic illnesses (Krishnan 957). In as much as these compounds are useful our bodies, they cannot even be synthesized by animals and humans and it is through diet a lone that they can be found. They are also vital in protecting of vision and fighting cellular damage. It has also been found that carotenoids are instrumental in boosting cardiovascular and male reproductive health.
Work Cited
Krishnan, Anagha, et al. “Metabolic and photosynthetic consequences of blocking starch
biosynthesis in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii sta6 mutant.” The Plant
Journal 81.6 (2015): 947-960.