Similarities between Mongol Empires and the Chinese, Arab and Roman Empires

One significant similarity between the Mongol Empire, the Chinese Empire, Arab Empire and the Roman Empire was tolerant to religion. The Mongol empire did not discriminate Christians and they were allowed to carry out their operations within the empire as long as they paid taxes to the government. The Mongol empire allowed Muslims to practice their religion as long they did not implement radical Islamic rituals like mass slaughter of human. All the empires allowed the practice of religion as long as worship took place within conventional areas. These common practices included worshipping in registered areas like temples, mosques and so on. The Arab Empire was geographically an inclusion of people practicing Islam. Since most of its population practiced Islam, little is known about any intolerance to other religions but a logical conclusion is that empires were focused on enhancing military and political power, religious tolerance could be allowed as long as they did not threaten the influence of the kingdom. Similarly, the Roman Empire was based on the Roman Catholic Church as its foundation (Strayer and Eric 324).
The Mongol Empires and the Chinese, Arab and Roman Empires relied on conquering as a means of expanding their territories. The Mongol empire had to militarily unify all the Mongol ethnic communities with the steer ship of emperor Genghis Khan. The emperor of China got rid of opposition in an attempt to create a monarchy. The Arab empire consolidated power by conquering Iraq, India, North Africa as well as Persia.

Roman Empire had a superior military power and utilized its army in conquering neighboring countries as a way of expansion. The main focus of expansion was in Europe, the Middle East as well as northern Africa. In fact, the Roman Empire is recognized as one of the greatest empires to have existed.
Another similarity between Mongol Empires and the Chinese, Arab and Roman Empires is taxation and trade as a source of revenue for all the empires. The empires taxed their citizens and sold minerals, slaves, salt among other products to get resources to enhance their military strength.
(b) Differences between Mongol Empires and the Chinese, Arab and Roman Empires
One difference between the Mongol Empire and those of Chinese, Arab and Roman lies in the period with which they stayed in power. The Mongol empire existed for two centuries in between 13th to 14th centuries and supposedly covered more than 16.11% of the world (Taagepera 129). The Mongol empire was relatively large compared to Chinese, Arab and Roman empires. Specifically, the Roman Empires have various towns across the world which did not pledge loyalty to the Roman Empire because they enjoyed autonomy. This difference in geographical coverage can be explained by the fact that throughout history, the Mongolian empire developed infrastructure and allowed some freedoms to local rulers in the towns they conquered. The kind of autonomy enjoyed by these rulers enhanced a level of cooperation which increased loyalty and then the Mongolian empire could focus on expansion rather than quelling internal resistance from conquered regions.
Another area of difference between the Mongol Empire and the Chinese, the Arab empire and the Roman empires lies in the fact that the Mongolian empire had a system of administration which enabled peaceful transfer of power. Peaceful succession mechanisms ensured that there was few or no conflict at the exit and entrance of new emperors. The peace transfer of power led not only to stability, but it was also a mechanism that ensured a long-lasting dynasty. For example, after ascension to power of Emperor Genghis Khan in 1206, he helped his sons to conquer various parts of Europe and Asia, when he died his sons were well prepared to take over the emperorship. This allowed growth of technology, business, ideology as well as goods across their areas of jurisdiction. This difference can be accounted for by understanding the style of leadership of emperor Genghis Khan which was more liberal. This kind of liberty was not available in the Arab, Chinese and Roman empires and became the pillar of the Mongolian empire. Liberalization of the administration led to more accommodation.
Works Cited
Strayer, Robert, and Eric Nelson. Ways of the World: A Brief Global History with Sources.
Barnes and Noble, 2010.
Taagepera, Rein. “Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D.”
Social Science History, vol. 3, no. 4, 1979, pp. 121–133.