Special Senses and Endocrine System Revised

Special Senses and Endocrine System
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Question 1 Answer
A person experiences vertigo when reading in a moving vehicle. Vertigo occurs due to the involvement of various activities such as reading and the combination of other events such as the images around the car. The moving vehicle can experience the road bumps and turns hence involving the critical organs of an individual thus leading to vertigo due to the confusion and disagreement. The structures involved are the brain and the inner ear. Some of the effects of vertigo include vomiting and nausea. The central nervous structure plays a critical role in maintaining equilibrium in a person. To avoid the condition, a person should stop reading in a moving vehicle.
Question 2 Answer
A cataract involves a lens clouding that makes the world to seem distorted. The distortion is similar to observing through the frosted glass. Cataracts can occur due to age-related and health concerns thus leading to thickening and hardening of the lens. However, the presence of cataracts can be due to diabetes mellitus. Cataract is therefore caused by insufficient nutrients in the lens fibers. Supplements such as vitamin C can reduce the risks associated with cataracts. The occurrence of the metabolic processes can unfold the lens composites. Direct exposure to the sunlight UV rays can lead to the formation of cataract. Replacing the lens with an artificial lens is a critical solution regarding the presence of cataracts.

Question 3 Answer
The consequences of chemotherapy can affect the chef’s job. However, chemotherapy is a salient treatment method for Leukemia as well as other health conditions. Chemotherapy can lead to the presence of fatigue and nausea thus influencing the work operations of the chef.
The sense of taste will also be affected which is a critical concern for the chef. Adopting other forms of treatment can be vital to avoid the severe effects of the work operations.
Question 4 Answer
Johnny will exhibit a gigantic condition if the corrective measures are not put in place. The secretion of excess hormones leads to the state of gigantism whereby the height is above the normal age. Pituitary tumor secrets excess hormones thus leading to visual problems and headache (Donangelo et al., 2006). It is, therefore, crucial to undertake the preventive measures to curb the health implications. The pituitary enlarges thus pressing the optic chiasma. Other visual parts can also be influenced hence the aspect of vision challenges and headaches.
Question 5 Answer
Thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism are adverse health conditions. The symptoms of hyperthyroidism involve loss of appetite and nervousness. The low levels of iodine, as well as T3 and T4, are apparent symptoms of the state. The enlarged thyroid gland is called goiter, and it is as a result of inadequate intake of iodine (Shiri, 2014). Nutritional goiter is also influenced by the enlarged thyroid gland as well as the rise in the levels of TSH. The adequate treatment for the disorder includes the utilization of iodide supplements and use of the iodide salt.
Question 6 Answer
Consumption of alcohol influences the posterior pituitary from secreting the ADH. The influence leads to dehydration as well as copious urine output. Dehydration is a leading cause of hangover effects and can also result in fatigue and dizziness. Hangover is driven by brain swelling due to the consumption of high alcohol content. However, low concentration of alcohol in the drink can reduce the dehydration effect.
The water content can hydrate the individual, but the diuretic effect of alcohol leads to dehydration. The worse side is that the person is already in a desert area thus influencing the occurrence of adverse effects.
References
Donangelo, I., Gutman, S., Horvath, E., Kovacs, K., Wawrowsky, K., Mount, M., & Melmed, S.
(2006). Pituitary Tumor Transforming Gene Overexpression Facilitates Pituitary Tumor Development. Endocrinology, 147(10), 4781-4791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2006-0544Shiri, R. (2014). Hypothyroidism and carpal tunnel syndrome: A meta-analysis. Muscle &
Nerve, 50(6), 879-883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mus.24453