Streptococcus Agalactiae Costa Rica

Streptococcus Agalactiae Costa Rica

Introduction

Through the analyzed literature it is allowed to meet the Asian countries, as greater producers in terms of aquaculture activity. However, in terms of Latin American Costa Rica countries, it has an important role in this activity.

According to Cambronero and Sánchez in Costa Rica, tilapia, trout, shrimp and oysters are marketed. Being tilapia, introduced in 1967, for its respective production, and its use in protein. Constantly advancing in technologies, production and food systems of the species.

Developing

As is normal, fish are susceptible to diseases equal to other animals. The causes are several, according to Balbuena, they can be biological, physicochemical, nutritional and dense dependent. Therefore, problems can be triggered from environmental conditions, the type of management, the appearance of pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites, eating problems or immune level. It can be observed at the macroscopic level, decrease in food consumption, swimming, coloration, skin status, fins, eyes, gills, year and genital papillae, and if it were the case the presence of mortality in the ponds is aPrimordial indicative, then at the microscopic level it is important to evaluate the status of internal organs through necropsy.

With respect, the Streptococcus agalactiae, cheap, Iregui, King, Vásquez and Verjan bacteria report that mainly affect three species such as humans, cows and fish.

In the case of fish causing meningencephalitis, epicarditis and choroiditis. In addition, they indicate that the main clinical signs would be the lack of appetite, unilateral or bilateral exophthalmos, corneal opacity, eye hemorrhages, distended abdomen, curvature of the spinal cord, stiffness, swimming errors, bleeding in fins, some can demonstrate difficultiesrespiratory, and in other cases clinical signs are not perceived.

Likewise, to the discoveries acquired in tilapia with the presence of Streptococcus agalactiae, accumulation of blood fluid is identified in the abdominal cavity, in the mucosa of the intestine a brown color, the liver and the spleen with increased size, fibrinoid material in the epicardium is perceivedand brown bleeding in what would be the retrobulbar tissue and in the meninges. In addition, primary inflammatory response in mononuclear cells and granulomatous nodules are developed.

According to the references analyzed, the Streptococcus agalactiae is found in Costa Rica. As cheap et al indicates reports of these cases in the United States, Israel, Japan, Thailand, Kuwait, Brazil, Colombia, Honduras and Costa Rica.

In addition, there is a study called Molecular Diagnosis of Streptococcus SP and relationship with physicochemical parameters in an oreochromis niloticus tilapia production system in Costa Rica, where it is indicated that 60% of the ponds gave positive results in terms of Streptococcus agalactiae, andThey reveal a correlation of the bacteria in terms of water temperature, also, PCR analysis were performed in liver, spleen, brain and eyes, which is very useful for the identification of the pathogen of the pathogen.

With respect, the Astier, Voller, Labrie, Dupuis and Komar vaccine indicate two methods, intraperitoneal vaccination for fish of more than 20 gr and oral vaccination for minor weights. In the study of these authors, the Tilavac Volta vaccine is used, obtaining as a result the greatest survival of the fish after the application of the vaccine. However, it is not possible to identify whether there is access to said product or some;applied for Streptococcus agalactiae in Costa Rica.

The application of the vaccine is very useful, producers must be oriented to produce to a greater extent, and reduce the risks of economic losses in their crops, maintaining good health in their animals. The opportunity to prevent these cases is granted through responsibility, regarding disease prevention and vaccine application. In addition, it is important to take into account that these products develop mostly in first world countries, and, therefore, access to these can be a bit late in other countries.

conclusion

As for the assigned article, it is relevant to emphasize its orientation towards the application of attenuated live vaccines, since, as mentioned, these develop immunity for life and low doses, in addition, the administration is facilitated by oral. Therefore, the most relevant thing about the study is that it allows increased scientific advancement, since, the application of erythromycin is intended as a attenuated living vaccine, in order to combat a pathogenic agent. Which is of world interest, for all professionals and producers in the area of aquaculture.

These scientific contributions allow improvements in the issue of health, and, consequently, control measures, which benefit disease production and prevention.