T-Tests Explained: What They Mean for Survey Analysis

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Correlation and causation
A correlation type of analysis seeks to elaborate on the relationship that exists between a set of variables (Wilson, n.p). The relationship can be positive or negative. On the other hand, causation type of analysis seeks to establish the cause and effect aspect of a given set of variables.
Importance of distinguishing correlation and causation
As a business leader, it is vital that one understands the dynamics of a given business industry. A correlation analysis will provide a business leader with an understanding of the nature of the relationship that exists between given aspects of business with others. In addition, the causation analysis will also help a business leader know what to expect if a certain aspect of the business environment is altered. On that account, distinguishing correlation and causation will greatly help a business leader to be on the right path of managing a business towards success.
Summary of an article
In a study to determine the effect of multitasking on the grade performance of students, 62 undergraduate students were recruited. Thirty-six of the participants were female while twenty-six were male. Multi-tasking refers to conducting two or more activities at one time. In this case, the participants were required to text using their cell phones while in class. The study was guided by the following hypothesis.
There is no significant difference between the mean quiz scores of texting versus non-texting student.

The results were t = 4.25 while the p = 0.0002. Therefore, the results show that there is a significant difference from zero in the mean quiz of students texting and non-texting students. On that note, the hypothesis is rejected. Based on the results, the study concluded that multitasking lowers the grade of students (Ellis, et al. 6).
Works citedWilson, Jonathan. Essential of business research. 2nd ed., SAGE Publications Ltd, 2010.
Ellis, Yvonne, et al. “The effect of multitasking on the grade performance of business students.” Research in Higher Education Journal, pp. 1-7.