the country YEMEN

The Country Yemen
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The Country Yemen
Abstract
This paper explores the global development and specifically Yemen. The country has been listed to be among the poorest country in the Middle East despite being the second largest in terms of the size. In the study, discussion is made on the geographical location of the country and the climate associated to Yemen. To understand and have an insight of the country, various graphs are used to explain the economic development of the country by relating the progress of many years. Social indicators such as education, health, and internet are discussed in the paper. To understand on the population distribution of Yemen, several indicators of the pollution have been covered which include the fertility rate, sex ratio during the birth, reproduction rate, and the baby mortality rate. Under GDP, statistical data is provided to show both the highest and the lowest values, as well as the progressive in GDP from previous to the last date where the information is updated. Finally, the paper has a comprehensive conclusion, which summarizes the findings, and the content discussed.
Introduction
Yemen is one of the developing countries and the poorest in the Middle East. It is under the leadership of president Ali Abdullah that the country was described to be kleptocracy whereas the leader participated in exploiting the resources belonging to the public and using for his good. According to the statistics conducted in 2009 by critics, the country was ranked to be 164 out of 184 countries, which were surveyed.

(Karaman 2011)
Therefore, I chose Yemen in discussing global development because the country has many changes taking place in search of growth. It tends to adopt mechanisms that will boost her economy like other developed countries. Thus, there is need to understand the transformation and the trends the country is going through to achieve the objectives of the nation.
Geographical situation
Yemen is situated between Oman and Saudi Arabia in Southwest Asia towards the end of Arabian Peninsula. It is adjacent
To the entrance to the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait, that joins the Indian Ocean to the Red Sea through the Gulf of Aden. It acts as the frequently active and ample shipping lanes in the world.
Climate
The climate of Yemen when classified fall under the Koeppen-Geiger classification. It is characterized by a dry and hot desert that has average temperatures about 18°C. Along the inland areas, the range temperatures are high (15-25°C). There is low rainfall during summer especially during June to September (Karaman 2013).
Topography
Yemen is one of the countries that has a coastline which covers about 450km, and the coasts are plain for instance, Tihamah, which is about 48km in width. The highest mountain in the area is Hadur Shu’ayb at 3,760 meters. Because of the varying topography of Yemen, the country experiences a wide range of climatic conditions. The highlands are suitable for growing tropical crops.
Potential hazards
Since Yemen is situated in almost a desert place, it is prone to sandstorms and dust storms during the summer. The mountains in the area are active. Thus, Yemen is prone to volcanism. For example, Jebel Zubair and Harra of Arhab.
Natural resources
The primary natural resources include oil and the natural gases. The country also practices agricultural production into the west. Fishing is also done in the region and mining of deposits such as the lead, nickel, and the copper among other activities.
Population indicators
Yemen is the second biggest country among the Arab states and it covers a land of about 2,000-kilometer coastline. Most of her population is located in the rural area which contributes to being the least developed country in the Middle East. Her population indicators are as shown below in the statistical data.
Indicator Value
Total Fertility Rate 3.837 children/woman
Net Reproduction Rate 1.699 surviving daughters/woman
Sex Ratio At Birth 1.05 males per female
Infant Mortality Rate 42.166 deaths/1,000 live births
Political system
It a country governed and headed by the president. According to the constitution of Yemen, there is the election of 301 seats of assembly representatives, about 111 members of Shura council who share powers. Usually, the prime minister is the head of government while the president is the head of state. Constitution requires that at least two candidates who are elected and given mandate by at least members of the parliament can elect the president of Republic of Yemen. Prime minister is appointed by the president. People who have turned the age of 18 years do elections generally after seven years to choose their leaders (Stookey 1978).
Economic and social development
GDP per capita
In the year 2016, it was recorded at 679.70 USdollars. This is equivalent to 5 % of the world’s average. From the data that was collected from the period of (1990 until 2016) indicated that it is 1091.82 US. The highest achieved was in 2010 where it recorded 1309.20 20 USD, and the lowest record was in 2016 having a history of 679.70 USD. The table below indicates the summary of how Yemen GDP looks like (Bukhari et al. 2013).
Statistical data
Yemen GDP Last Previous Highest Lowest Unit
GDP Annual Growth Rate-9.80 -28.10 20.50 -28.10 percent
GDP27.30 37.73 43.20 4.17 USD Billion
GDP Constant Prices3130050000 2573931046.53 4618172671.61 1210614137.35 YER THO
Gross National Product5544110000 6052056580.27 7585871524.14 109019140.00 YER THO
GDP per capita679.70 772.00 1309.20 679.70 USD
GDP per capita PPP2325.10 2641.00 4478.70 2325.10 USD
The GDP per capita is generally arrived at after dividing the gross domestic product of Yemen, adjusted by the inflation, and by the whole population. The table below shows a summary of the updated traditional calendar due to February 2018.
Actual Previous Highest Lowest Dates Unit Frequency 679.70 772.00 1309.20 679.70 1990 – 2016 USD Yearly
GNI
Sources: World Bank
GNI per capita
In Yemen, the GNI was reported to be 2490 in the year 2016 from the World Bank source. It is calculated based on the purchasing power parity of the individuals.

Source: World Bank
Level of economic development based on world classification
Grading of Yemen’s total economy numerically could not be possible in 2018 because there is no reliable source of data present about the country. It is because the state has continued experiencing the civil war since 2015. The conflict has destroyed critical infrastructure in the country. However, before the current war that exists, Yemen have continued experiencing mismanagement of public resources, corruption, completing the natural resources, and general poor means of accessing the necessary services. The poor management of the oil and water has caused the country to remain underdeveloped for an extended period. With the continued damages caused by the leaders, the private investment sector has been affected, and nearly 80% of the people living in Yemen need to be assisted by international agencies and the non-government organizations because they need help (Vincent 2007).
Gini coefficient
It usually measures the income distribution of the individuals in a particular country. Lorenz curve is generally used by plotting cumulative percentages of the income acquired by the households against the aggregate number of those receiving. The Gini coefficient of zero represents perfect equality while that of 100 represents absolute inequality. According to the report that was acquired 2014 from the world bank collection, it indicated that Yemen’s coefficient was 36.7 compiled from reliable sources.
Education level
The government of Yemen view education as a priority yet the country is the poorest among all because most of their teachings are based on theories rather than practicals. The table below indicates the levels of education that are offered in Yemen.
  Education School/Level Grade From Grade To Age From Age To Years Notes
Primary Primary 1 9 6 15 9 After the unification of North and South Yemen in 1990, these two education systems were merged into a single system, and 9-3 (9 years of primary education, three years of secondary education) was adopted. Along with that, enrollment was diversified into the science and literary tracks in grades 11 and 12
Secondary Secondary 10 12 16 19 3  
Vocational Vocational            
Tertiary Tertiary          
Source: Foreign credit.
Health information
From the profile of the Yemen health care department, the following table is provided summarizing the statistics on the health facility.
Statistics
Total population (2015) 26,832,000
Gross national income per capita (PPP international $, 2013) 3
Life expectancy at birth m/f (years, 2015) 64/67
Probability of dying under five (per 1 000 live births, 0) not available
Probability of dying between 15 and 60 years m/f (per 1 000 population, 2015) 248/202
Total expenditure on health per capita (Intl $, 2014) 202
Total expenditure on health as % of GDP (2014) 5.6
It shows that the life expectancy is low of about 64 for men and 67 for women. Unlike other countries like Germany and China where life expectancy can be about 85. It is an evidence of the poor leadership and management. Care should be taken to curb this in future.
Internet penetration
The Middle East is one of the regions that they experience disparity as far as telecommunication is concerned. The number of the internet users is not similar compared to Western Europe. Some of this differences are due to the poor economic development and the political crisis experienced in Yemen.
However, there is a sign of more significant openness in Yemen although the improvement is moving slowly. When in other years, the number of mobile users has been noted to grow faster with the rate being 50% per annum. The table below indicates the trends in the evolution of internet users in Yemen.
YEAR Users Population % Pen. GDP p.c.* Usage Source
2000 15,000 17,900,000 0.1 % US$ 410 ITU2001 100,000 19,600,009 0.5 % US$ 500 ITU
2005 220,000 20,764,630 1.1 % US$ 550 M.of.T2009 370,000 22,858,238 1.6 % US$ 550 ITU2010 420,000 23,495,361 1.8 % US$ 1,274 ITU2012 3,691,000 24,771,809 14.9 % US$ 1,070 IWS2016 6,773,228 27,392,779 24.7 % US$ 1,381 IWSNote: Per Capita GDP in US dollars, source: IMF and World Bank.
Conclusion
From the various economic, political, and the social welfare of Yemen, it is evident that the global development of Yemen is low compared to other developed countries. The results from Gini coefficient indicated that many people live below the average life as about 80% of the total population needs external assistance regarding the basic goods and services.
The number of internet users was few indicating that the rest of the population who are not familiar with internet were less informed of what happens in day-to-day activities. Many people in Yemen have not educated especially the young people. There is need to consider educating them.
The country is developing slowly because of the political crisis. Leaders want to use the resources of the public for their benefit. The public lacks social amenities such as good schools and hospitals. The country is also affected by the natural hazards because of its geographical position (Vincent 2007).
In future, the citizens of Yemen need to have a leader who can ensure that public resources are well utilized. Also, it should embrace on education because it is better to invest in human capital which will steer the economy in future rather than abandoning it now. If the above factors are put in place, there would be no problem in future.
Reference
Meo, S. A., Usmani, A. M., Vohra, M. S., & Bukhari, I. A. (2013). Impact of GDP, spending on R&D, number of universities and scientific journals on research publications in pharmacological sciences in Middle East. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 17(20), 2697-705.
Muthanna, A., & Karaman, A. C. (2011). The need for change in teacher education in Yemen: The beliefs of prospective language teachers. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 12, 224-232.
Stookey, R. W. (1978). Yemen: the politics of the Yemen Arab Republic (Vol. 2). Westview Press.
Warf, B., & Vincent, P. (2007). Multiple geographies of the Arab Internet. Area, 39(1), 83-96.