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The Importance Of Gerontology In Colombia

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The importance of gerontology in Colombia

In Colombia, in recent years there was an increase in life expectancy as a result of mortality reduction. From the 1993 census to the one carried out in 2005, the age increased about five years for men (it went from 65.4 years to 70.2) And for women the increase was 3.5 years (73.7 years to 77.1), bringing this another of the great characteristics of the 2005 census: the progressive aging of the population. For that year the population over 60 proved to be the highest growth, as it corresponded to 8.9% of the total national population, which was 41.468.394 million inhabitants, that is, for that year there were 3.690.687 million older adults in the country. By 2020 it is projected that the total population will be 50.912.429 million, by then the older adults, minimum, will be 4.531.206 million, almost half of the population of Bogotá. This is why the needs of the elderly make even more importance, public equipment must also respond to a population that ages and increasingly needs more attention for their age and economic conditions.

 In that same census held in 2005, the population state of the San Francisco neighborhood was also shown, located in the town of Ciudad Bolívar, in which it was projected that by 2010 it would have 8.910. In turn, in this infrome it was evidenced that 60% of the inhabitants of San Francisco have some type of permanent limitation, where the most affected age group was that of older adults.

The elderly population faces difficulties that an adult or young person does not have; as the change of needs not only physical, but psychological, social and environmental product of age and what this means in a society where old age is seen as an unproductive part of life and that in many cases leads to the abandonment of these people by their families, being forced to live alone or in situations of vulnerability.

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As Rodríguez identifies, there is a series of phenomena that explain the accelerated increase in the elderly, the emergence of new needs of the elderly and the growth in the demand for residences that supply their needs. These include the increase in life expectancy and the reduction of fertility, the instability of family nuclei, emergency of the dependency phenomenon, reduction in the number of members in families, proliferation of unipersonal homes from 65 years and the massive migration of rural areas to metropolis in order to join the industrialization processes.

An alternative for vulnerable older adults are social protection centers, where they can develop their human dimensions; Feel productive, interact intergenerationally, receive psychological care, spend the day in company, perform recreational activities, among others, but there is a great deficit of this type of services in the city of Bogotá, leaving many older adults to drift and at risk. Given this need, an architectural design is proposed that will serve as a social protection center in the San Francisco neighborhood. This work is divided into three sections: in the first place, in addition to the corresponding approach to the problem and exhibition of some necessary elements to draw the route of the investigation, the legal, historical, concomptual and theoretical framework will be presented. Subsequently we will focus on the actions of the Capital District for the attention of the elderly and finally a social and spatial characterization of both the location and the San Francisco neighborhood will be carried out.

Although in Latin America there has been a remarkable advance in terms of old age, their implementation is still scarce in the region due to organizational and economic complications. One of the challenges with which the institutions are, in addition to those already mentioned, is the unequal distribution of the senior citizen in the continent. As Sánchez (2015) indicates, a large part of the elderly who currently reside in the city come from rural areas and frequently yearn to return to their hometown, which has negative health impacts (100) (100). Some of them decide to emigrate to rural regions, which present a greater degree of vunerability for older adults due to low income, difficulty accessing public services such as health, transport complications, housing shortage and especially lack of public policies thought for these regions. The city’s impases with which the elderly is found are social inequality and exclusion, environmental deterioration, psychological problems and accessibility complications.

As for Bogotá there are only two social protection centers, which can provide attention to approximately 300 older adults simultaneously, leaving almost 80 waiting.000 people who require this service for their physical and family conditions. The town of Ciudad Bolívar appears as the third with the greatest extension within the capital, with a demographic density of 616.455 of inhabitants for 2009 and representing 8.5% of the population of Bogotá. Within this percentage, a large part corresponds to older adults who are in a situation of vulnerability, in a situation of dependence or needs specialized attention which is not fully provided.

One of the reasons why it is not possible of social welfare in which basic assistance (gardens, neighborhood houses, children’s and community homes) predominates with 98, 4%, on the other hand, equipment for the assistance to the elderly there are only 2, both centers day. Of these 823 social welfare equipment according to UPZ of the town of Ciudad Bolívar, 103 correspond to the San Francisco neighborhood and all are intended for basic assistance, so it leaves without attention to the sector of the population mentioned above. It is then from this problem that the construction of a social protection center for older adults is proposed in vulnerability.

Finally, with the Social Protection Center it is intended to meet the needs of the major adult population “that presents moderate or severe dependence, without family or social support, in a situation of fragility and social vulnerability” (Sub -Directorate for Old Age, 2018) that resides in Ciudad Bolívar, specifically in the San Francisco neighborhoods, Las Acacias, but having only two of these, it must have the ability to complement the Bogotá network. The entire project will be carried out from a gerontological point of view, that is, conceiving the elderly from a holistic perspective in order to meet the needs that come with aging. In turn, the environmental branch of this study will be taken into account, which is responsible for the analysis, research and improvement of relationships between the elderly with their physical-social environment, so it is capital to have it to have it In account for architectural application.

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