The Psychoanalytic Look Of Homosexuality By Jacques Lacan

The psychoanalytic look of homosexuality by Jacques Lacan

Homosexuality from the psychoanalytic look of Jacques Lacan

From the beginning of the times, when talking about relationships, the idea of a man and a woman was conceived;However, with the arrival of modernity and postmodernity, these ideals have been modified by various factors. For some have been social factors, for others, they have been factors of realities and sexuality. Modernity has significantly influenced how people conceive of homosexuals.

While it is true, society determines behavior patterns and compliance with norms, because all people are born within a culture, this social bond is in force before birth;Because of that, Lacan states that "we are prey to the desire of the other", implying that such desire is reflected in the individual unconscious);However, sexual orientation goes beyond gender. There was a time when the homosexual person was considered to have a perverse structure, under the conception of a father’s name. Gadea, E (2005), states that "to the extent that the clinic takes seriously the lack of sexual proportion, the analyst must accept that subjective solution as an own invention and endorse it in the same way that it does with any other". Similarly, homosexuality became in psychiatry manuals as a mental disorder, which was conceived as an alteration of behavior and it could be cured through therapy and pharmacological treatment. However, it is in 1973 when the American Psychiatric Association (APA) decided.

In 1997, the Ecole of the Cause Freudienne of Paris, answered the following question: does it make sense for psychoanalysis to continue talking about homosexuality or heterosexuality?;where they ruled out the idea that homosexuality was a perversion Perse. In addition, Rodríguez, M (2016) states that “it was considered that the choice of sexual orientation determined in the analyzer is not what prevails from the ethics of Lacanian psychoanalysis;What counts is to choose desire ".

Thanks to gender diversity, a liberalist current was generated in various parts of the world, bringing with them, the discovery and exposure of those issues that were silent (in taboo). In this sense, a group of people who felt identified and attracted by people of the same sex emerged in a love perspective;Because of this, homosexual sexuality is announced. In this sense, people felt free to talk these issues with their peers and relate to each other. Relationships, they developed beneficially for this emerging community. However, they brought a disease, generating a transformative impact on the society of the time. The representatives of various countries of the world, prepared changes in the Civil Code, with the aim of legalizing homosexual relations and thus generating a change of ideal in society, perpetuating the signifier that all marriages are equal.

On the other hand, the queer theory appears, it consists of the transgression to heterosexuality, in which, the woman emerges from the custom of subordinate femininity (of a male woman) of an effeminate man or with a sensitivity contrary to thedominant typology;of a person dressed in clothing of the opposite genre, among others (Mérida, 2002). Thus, as some defenders the theories ‘queer’ refuse to identify with the name "gay" as an attempt to respond to the desire of the other.

According to Jacques Lacan, a philosopher, French psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, he explains that the route that the subjects must cross at the time of sexual identification, taking into account that for Lacan, the identity of the subject will depend on the way in which he assumes the signifiersthat mark and come from the other. In the first instance, there is the phenomenon of the choice of object, which for Freud, a predecessor psychoanalyst to Lacanian theory, consisted of the choice that determines the sexual orientation of the subject (whether homosexual or heterosexual). Gadea, E (2005) proposed that sexual orientation "presupposes the existence of the cause of defined desire and a sexed option for the subject", is for this reason, that homosexuality is shown as an election and will be independent of the choice ofgender.

On the other hand, Lacan comments that the choice by the sex of the object will be oriented from enjoyment, and that is what Lacan called as sexation;being this, the sexual sense of the subject of the subject. Haydee (2008) defines enjoyment as. "The significant system that operates on the body, being considered as the pulsional satisfaction" (p.1). This pulsional satisfaction is oriented to the death drive, characterized by self-destruction;The enjoyment will appear based on the search for these drives. Me Melanie Klein, in her analytical work with children she thought that the main determinant of homosexuality was the oral phase., which affected psychosexual development. Magistrali, D (2018) raises the following example:

The oral frustrations in the child produced fantasies of cannibalism both towards the mother’s chest and towards all of her. Because of this, the child projects these feelings and fantasies so that he sees the external world as a cannibalist and develops fear of objects. This produces fear of being devoured by the beloved object. The vagina, which unconsciously is equipped with the mouth, comes to represent the castrating and devouring organ. (p. 495)

Second, the election for the cause in the desire of each subject occurs, which lies in the various possibilities that the subject has within the election complex to define his sexuality.

Thirdly, homosexuality does not have clinical structure, so it is approached from a psychoanalytic vision focused on psychoanalysis structures (neurosis, psychosis and perversion), in turn, these structures depend specifically on the establishment of the name of the father, it consists of the establishment of the law between the relationship of mother, phallus, son;where a double castration occurs, be it for the mother where it ceases to be a phallic and in the child, ceases to be a phallus, that is, the object of the desire to become a subject that she wants. In this sense, thanks to the establishment of the paternal metaphor and the way in which this occurs, the symbolic castration originates, where the three structures arose previously will arise, as well as its mechanisms of repression, forclusion and denial of the name of the father, respectively. In sum, for Lacan, homosexuality will depend on the position adopted regarding castration and not on the choice of object. (Gadea, 2005)

The importance of psychoanalysis today, lies in the contribution of these theories to explain what was previously considered a perverse structure or as a mental disorder. Rodríguez, M (2016) describes: “From psychoanalysis, the crucial thing is to authorize the subject to invent himself the way he will be a man or woman, based on the way he received the signifier and the mark he left in hisBody". This psychological current, like many others that are very in vogue today, remains currently in force;Despite having theories raised for more than 80 years, they still have an important weight because they are used for the explanation of symptoms that can only be resolved from such a penetrating current in the unconscious, such as psychoanalysis.Homosexuality from the psychoanalytic look of Jacques Lacan

From the beginning of the times, when talking about relationships, the idea of a man and a woman was conceived;However, with the arrival of modernity and postmodernity, these ideals have been modified by various factors. For some have been social factors, for others, they have been factors of realities and sexuality. Modernity has significantly influenced how people conceive of homosexuals.

While it is true, society determines behavior patterns and compliance with norms, because all people are born within a culture, this social bond is in force before birth;Because of that, Lacan states that "we are prey to the desire of the other", implying that such desire is reflected in the individual unconscious);However, sexual orientation goes beyond gender. There was a time when the homosexual person was considered to have a perverse structure, under the conception of a father’s name. Gadea, E (2005), states that "to the extent that the clinic takes seriously the lack of sexual proportion, the analyst must accept that subjective solution as an own invention and endorse it in the same way that it does with any other". Similarly, homosexuality became in psychiatry manuals as a mental disorder, which was conceived as an alteration of behavior and it could be cured through therapy and pharmacological treatment. However, it is in 1973 when the American Psychiatric Association (APA) decided.

In 1997, the Ecole of the Cause Freudienne of Paris, answered the following question: does it make sense for psychoanalysis to continue talking about homosexuality or heterosexuality?;where they ruled out the idea that homosexuality was a perversion Perse. In addition, Rodríguez, M (2016) states that “it was considered that the choice of sexual orientation determined in the analyzer is not what prevails from the ethics of Lacanian psychoanalysis;What counts is to choose desire ".

Thanks to gender diversity, a liberalist current was generated in various parts of the world, bringing with them, the discovery and exposure of those issues that were silent (in taboo). In this sense, a group of people who felt identified and attracted by people of the same sex emerged in a love perspective;Because of this, homosexual sexuality is announced. In this sense, people felt free to talk these issues with their peers and relate to each other. Relationships, they developed beneficially for this emerging community. However, they brought a disease, generating a transformative impact on the society of the time. The representatives of various countries of the world, prepared changes in the Civil Code, with the aim of legalizing homosexual relations and thus generating a change of ideal in society, perpetuating the signifier that all marriages are equal.

On the other hand, the queer theory appears, it consists of the transgression to heterosexuality, in which, the woman emerges from the custom of subordinate femininity (of a male woman) of an effeminate man or with a sensitivity contrary to thedominant typology;of a person dressed in clothing of the opposite genre, among others (Mérida, 2002). Thus, as some defenders the theories ‘queer’ refuse to identify with the name "gay" as an attempt to respond to the desire of the other.

According to Jacques Lacan, a philosopher, French psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, he explains that the route that the subjects must cross at the time of sexual identification, taking into account that for Lacan, the identity of the subject will depend on the way in which he assumes the signifiersthat mark and come from the other. In the first instance, there is the phenomenon of the choice of object, which for Freud, a predecessor psychoanalyst to Lacanian theory, consisted of the choice that determines the sexual orientation of the subject (whether homosexual or heterosexual). Gadea, E (2005) proposed that sexual orientation "presupposes the existence of the cause of defined desire and a sexed option for the subject", is for this reason, that homosexuality is shown as an election and will be independent of the choice ofgender.

On the other hand, Lacan comments that the choice by the sex of the object will be oriented from enjoyment, and that is what Lacan called as sexation;being this, the sexual sense of the subject of the subject. Haydee (2008) defines enjoyment as. "The significant system that operates on the body, being considered as the pulsional satisfaction" (p.1). This pulsional satisfaction is oriented to the death drive, characterized by self-destruction;The enjoyment will appear based on the search for these drives.

Me Melanie Klein, in her analytical work with children she thought that the main determinant of homosexuality was the oral phase., which affected psychosexual development. Magistrali, D (2018) raises the following example:

The oral frustrations in the child produced fantasies of cannibalism both towards the mother’s chest and towards all of her. Because of this, the child projects these feelings and fantasies so that he sees the external world as a cannibalist and develops fear of objects. This produces fear of being devoured by the beloved object. The vagina, which unconsciously is equipped with the mouth, comes to represent the castrating and devouring organ. (p. 495)

Second, the election for the cause in the desire of each subject occurs, which lies in the various possibilities that the subject has within the election complex to define his sexuality.

Thirdly, homosexuality does not have clinical structure, so it is approached from a psychoanalytic vision focused on psychoanalysis structures (neurosis, psychosis and perversion), in turn, these structures depend specifically on the establishment of the name of the father, it consists of the establishment of the law between the relationship of mother, phallus, son;where a double castration occurs, be it for the mother where it ceases to be a phallic and in the child, ceases to be a phallus, that is, the object of the desire to become a subject that she wants. In this sense, thanks to the establishment of the paternal metaphor and the way in which this occurs, the symbolic castration originates, where the three structures arose previously will arise, as well as its mechanisms of repression, forclusion and denial of the name of the father, respectively. In sum, for Lacan, homosexuality will depend on the position adopted regarding castration and not on the choice of object. (Gadea, 2005)

The importance of psychoanalysis today, lies in the contribution of these theories to explain what was previously considered a perverse structure or as a mental disorder. Rodríguez, M (2016) describes: “From psychoanalysis, the crucial thing is to authorize the subject to invent himself the way he will be a man or woman, based on the way he received the signifier and the mark he left in hisBody". This psychological current, like many others that are very in vogue today, remains currently in force;Despite having theories raised for more than 80 years, they still have an important weight because they are used for the explanation of symptoms that can only be resolved from such a penetrating current in the unconscious, such as psychoanalysis.