Thereof Knowledge:We know with confidence only when we know little

THEREOF KNOWLEDGE: WE KNOW WITH CONFIDENCE ONLY WE KNOW LITTLE; WITH KNOWLEDGE DOUBT INCREASES
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THEREOF KNOWLEDGE: WE KNOW WITH CONFIDENCE ONLY WHEN WE KNOW LITTLE; WITH KNOWLEDGE DOUBT INCREASES.
Knowledge is belief founded in truth and is justifiable. It and can be attained through perception, discovery and learning. To be knowledgeable one has to accumulate facts or information (Muthukumar, V et al. 2015, 2), practice and accrue experience. Knowledge features top in the indexes of most verbs put into use in every language and is discernible very early in development. For human life to possess purpose and have, meaning the acquisition of knowledge is pertinent. Upon creation it undergoes change, reproduces, generates subsequent knowledge an also dies. Ways of knowing are involved in the formation of knowledge covered by varied areas of knowing. The ways of knowledge into different fall into varied categories epistemologically. These include readings and meanings under which we have culture, religion, science and philosophy of science. Natural history falls under the sorting kind ways of knowing. Mathematical analysis by elements contributes to the construction of knowledge under applied mathematics. Simulation has mathematical synthesis contributing while for analytical sciences to develop substantive analysis comes into play. Substantive synthesis has an input in synthetic science and technology. Acquisition of knowledge confers to us a strategic and sustainable competitive advantage.

It has been confused to have the same meaning as truth. Yet truth is a product of deciphering the available knowledge. Knowledge is important in the curriculum of education. For an individual or an organization to attain a targeted goal, the satisfaction and comfort that accompany the accomplishment are due to knowledge. It also confers orderliness that helps in the anticipation, perception and response to events while keeping in mind the variance in needs, purposes in addition to desires. The application of knowledge helps in the efficient performance of tasks, coming up with solutions to problems, arriving at decisions and understanding concepts. Behavioral potential of an individual is a determinant of knowledge (Hunt, P, D. 2003, 101). The knowledge question refers to the implications, controversies and issues revolving around knowledge. Simply put, they are general questions about knowledge. They appear in assessment descriptors, essays and presentations. They focus on the construction and evaluation of knowledge. They tend to be open and are the underlying factors towards most of the knowledge that we experience and their expression is in general terms. The trust that one possesses in his or her own ability tends bring about the attitude of reliance, certainty and is what pertains to confidence. On the other hand, doubt is the reverse of certainty and is the disbelief that a concept is neither true nor genuine. Herein we analyze the impact of knowledge on business and biology in sustainable development.
Business knowledge and principles can find usage in improvement of conditions in a healthcare setting. The US uses approximately 18% of its GDP in its health sector. This is more than any other nation in the world. However, the high investment in the health care system has not guaranteed improved healthcare systems. The fact that the average life expectancy in the US is 78.7 years, which is still one year less than the global average of 79.8 years, offers proof. In addition, 98, 000 deaths per annum attributed to medical errors accounting for costs of up to USD 29 billion. To reduce the healthcare costs healthcare providers have turned to lean operational principles practiced by industrial companies as early as 1990. This has seen a dip in healthcare costs and led to vast improvement in patient safety. The coming into effect of the Patient Care and Affordable Care act of 2011 has also pushed the healthcare providers to transform their operations and practices. The act mainly focuses on an increase in access of healthcare, reduction of the cost of treatment and better patient care. The lean principles target streamlining flow of work and improving on the efficiencies in operations. Lately implementation of the policy has targeted social ventures like the healthcare sector as a quality improvement method. In order to achieve this inefficient activities are identified and replaced by those that lead to an improvement of workers productivity and quality production that is consistent. Through the elimination of inefficiencies and the improvement of processes, customer value is improved. The lean principles applied in the US healthcare system emanate from the Toyota Production System. Its application involves five major principles: Specification of value, identification of value stream, interruption-free flow, customer pull services and perfection. Deriving value with the customer in mind while learning what they cherish, and the gaps that need filling to improve on their experience is a feature of the policy. Evaluation of steps involved in every aspect of the procedures and the best organization that would bring a seamless flow to the customer would yield improved value stream. To attain efficiency all the waste that appears between the steps in process need elimination. The products and services on offer are only rendered to a customer on a need be basis. Lastly, in order to achieve perfection then the institution needs to change with times guided by customer needs. Leaders of the organization are responsible for the training of the staff and the main theme should be continuous improvement. In healthcare, the lean policy as a measure to cut down on medication errors arising from discrepancies in medication orders has succeeded. Process changes have reduced the time used to process a medical order to under five minutes. Thus reducing the period of time that a patient receives medication. When the 5s management as a lean policy was introduced in Tambacounda in Senegal the staff acknowledged the orderliness it bought and improved the quality of service that was on offer (Kanamori, S et al. 2015, 4) This was the main objective for the TPS model that is being applied in healthcare (Sorin, T, et al. 2013, 3)
Lean thinking has got demerits like making work repetitive or making jobs require the input of more input. This would probably lead to resistance from the workforce as well as cause anxiety among them. Consequently, the workforce ends up being demotivated. Lean interventions are mostly short on social-technical aspects compared to operational themes that are mostly detailed (Joosten et al. 2009, 343). Moreover, attention to sociotechnical terms has improved only recently. With a workforce lacking in motivation then the intended goals end up eroded. It is only after implementation of the lean system that it became evident that they are short on socioeconomic aspects. A case in point was in Odense University Hospital where the deployment of kaizen tablets as a lean tool met resistance from physicians since they were uncomfortable with the increased transparency in their work. They equated the increased transparency to a lack of trust from the management of the hospital (Dammand, J. et al 2014, 26). The resistance could be stemming from the fear, contrasting beliefs and the deployed measurement system.
Enterprises can improve value through the employment of biology. Education leads to the development of entrepreneurs and in the rural setting; it manifests itself as bio-enterprises. The bio-enterprises include rearing of animals and crop production. Education spurs economic growth and leads to vast improvement of productivity. Food security also features as a pillar in the millennium development goals and is becoming hard to achieve for some countries, yet it doubles up as a measure of sustainable development. Bio-enterprises in rural setups has the potential of providing not only livelihoods but also poverty eradication. Biology has found use in the production of fuel, provision of animal feed and fiber. The farmers in rural settings can improve productivity through the offering of knowledge in biosciences and biology fields as has happened in China and Malaysia. Commercial endeavors that embrace biological process with the primary aim of gaining economic value is what constitutes bioscience enterprise (Teng, S, P. 2012, 8). Examples of bio enterprises include raw bio commodities, biofuels, bio-fermentation, quality seed materials and biotech seeds. Through education on biology is essential for the provision of the knowledge base needed in entrepreneurship. An example is in Singapore where they have invested in biotechnology. It is only through the application of the biological knowledge that sustainable development remains viable.
Conversely, knowledge of biology has found use in the creation of biological warfare. Large-scale production of disease agents and toxins is on the rise in countries like North Korea. Putting of poison in water gained traction during the war fought in the sixth century BC. The disease agents and toxins of choice include bacteria such as anthrax and viruses. Biology comes into play when means of keeping the agents alive, virulent and a dissemination mechanism. Biological weapons are thus a threat to the proposed millennium development goals since they fall under weapons of mass destruction just like nuclear weapons. They have led to the emergence of bioterrorism where they have found use for terrorist purposes. Examples include the letters that were laced with anthrax during the 9/11 attacks and earlier in 2001 when the US postal system was used to disseminate anthrax spores. These factors led to the development of the Biological Weapons Convention that calls for international cooperation and offers edicts that offer guidance. The edicts have a rider that they as much as they are put in play they should not interfere with research like that which is necessary to carry out bio enterprising that is delved into above (Teshome, B. 2016, 324). This is pertinent since biology has also found application in the discovery of the environment we live in. Therefore, the more in-depth knowledge of biology has brought forth the threat posed by biological warfare.
Conclusion
The application of the lean policy in Toyota known as Toyota Production System (TPS) was successful, and this prompted its introduction in the healthcare system to improve efficiency. Its implementation has resulted in several documented improvements. Glaring lack of social, technological aspects of the policy has emerged as an area that needs attention. Biology features in farming methods and thrives in the rural settings. With time and modernization, advancement in biosciences has seen its deployment to produce superior seeds but also to make biofuel. Its use in manufacturing biological weapons has also reared its head. Therefore, it suffices to say that knowing little gives us confidence in what we see but an increase in the same knowledge invites doubt.
References
Dammand, J, Horlyk, M, Jacobsen, L.T, Lueg, R and Rock, L,R. (2014). LEAN MANAGEMENT IN HOSPITALS: EVIDENCE FROM DENMARK. Aarhus: JEL.
Hunt, D, P. (2003). THE CONCEPT OF KNOWLEDGE AND HOW TO MEASURE IT. Journal of Intellectual Capital.
Joosten, T., Bongers, I., and Janssen, R. (2009). APPLICATION OF LEAN THINKING IN HEALTHCARE. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kanamori, S, Sow, S, Castro, C, M, Matsuno, R, Tsuru, A and Jimba, M. (2015). THE IMPLEMENTATION OF 5S MANAGEMENT METHOD FOR LEAN HEALTHCARE AT A HEALTH CENTER IN SENEGAL: A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF STAFF PERCEPTION. Tokyo: co-action Publishing.
Muthukumar, V, M. (2015). KNOWLEDGE AND CURRICULUM. Tiruchilrappalli
Sorin, T, Teich, D.M.D, and Fadoul, F. (2013). LEAN MANAGEMENT-THE JOURNEY FROM TOYOTA TO HEALTHCARE. Ohio: Rambam Grand Rounds.
TENG, P.P.S. (2012). LINKING EDUCATION TO SOCIALLY-RELEVANT BIOENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT. Rotterdam: SensePublishers.
Teshome, B. (2016). MICROBES AS A BIOLOGICAL WEAPON-A REVIEW. Addis Ababa.