Ethnic Notions And Social Conflict

Ethnic notions and social conflict

Introduction

After World War II, the world rebelled against the fanatic and murderer use of such ideologies by Hitler, and the United Nations repudiated them decidedly in favor of a new ideology of equality of races and peoples. And this new assumption of human equality generated a series of political movements designed to challenge the persistent presence or the enduring effects of the oldest hierarchies.

Developing

We can distinguish three ‘waves’ from such movements: the struggle for decolonization, concentrated in the period 1948-65. The fight against racial segregation and discrimination, initiated and exemplified by the African American Civil Rights Movement from 1955 to 1965. The struggle for multiculturalism and the rights of minorities, which arose at the end of the 1960s. Each of these movements resorts to the human rights revolution. 

His fundamental ideology of the equality of races and peoples, to challenge the legacies of previous ethnic and racial hierarchies. In fact, the human rights revolution plays a double role here, not only as inspiration for a struggle, but also as a restriction of the permissible objectives and means of that struggle. To the extent that historically excluded or stigmatized groups fight against previous hierarchies.

In the name of equality, they must also give up their own traditions of exclusion or oppression in the treatment of, for example, women, homosexuals, mestizos, religious dissidents, etc.

in. Human rights, and liberal-democratic constitutionalism in general, provide the general framework within which these struggles are debated and addressed. The precise character of the resulting multicultural reforms varies from one group to another.

As corresponds to the distinctive history that each one has faced, they all start from the anti -discriminatory principle that supported the second wave, but they go further to challenge other forms of exclusion or stigmatization. In most western countries, explicit discrimination sponsored by the State against ethnic, racial or religious minorities had largely ceased in the sixties and seventies, under the influence of the second wave of struggles.

conclusion

All this for human rights. However, ethnic and racial hierarchies persist in many societies, whether they are measured in terms of economic inequalities, political sub-representation, social stigmatization or cultural invisibility. Various forms of multiculturalism have been developed to help overcome these persistent inequalities.