Redesign curriculum of accounting

Redesign the Accounting Curriculum
Recently accounting has made significant impacts on political and socioeconomic developments especially in interpretation, recording, investment, management, auditing, and preparing. Also, more impacts in decision making include; storage, merger and acquisition, planning and controlling of business operations. There are factors which have led to redesigning of accounting curriculum and include; innovation, globalization, changes in business environment, skills required for an accountant to play his role effectively and the experiences learners need to improve on their previous experiences to move broader and deeper and more complex application and understanding. Therefore, for an accounting to maintain its relevance, it has to keep evolving with the changing environment. The research instruments used in this paper to collect data are interviewee and survey questioner. The paper also aims to provide the framework for theories used, diagrams and study design.

Study theories
Curriculum theory
This study will be based on accounting curriculum theories; curriculum theory- which focuses on the design and development of curricula. This theory is fundamentally concerned with the historical analysis, values, methods of viewing current educational curriculum, policy decisions and theorize the curricula about the future. By using the curriculum will be able to understand the trends in accounting by learning the historical performance and be able to predict the future thus shaping the educational curricula.

This theory examines the dynamics of educational curricula in a bid to ensure that the design of the curriculum meets the needs and the requirements of learners. The theory will assist us to discover the factors that have led the curriculum of accounting to redesign.

Legitimacy theory
Legitimacy theory- is an assumption theory and ensure that the actions of an institution are proper, appropriate or desirable within the social system of values, norms, definitions, and beliefs. While designing the curriculum for accounting the entity should ensure that it will be in line with the above qualities. Legitimacy theory helps to understand how the organization is developing, communicating and implementing its social responsibility policies. Use of the theory will enable the university to adopt a CSR strategy which will affect the management accounting. Research analysis showed that management accounting is an important tool of legitimacy for a socially responsible entity and was explicitly and implicitly supported by ideological alignment with the university.

Institutional theory
Institutional theory- the theory considers the processes by which the social structures such as rules, schemes, routines, and norms are established to become an authoritative guideline for social behavior. Different components of the theory explain how the elements are adapted, created, adopted and diffused over time and space. The research showed how the theory had been misused and declined. Institutional theory is not among the best theories in redesigning curriculum due to the criticism from authors and researchers. When an organization is on cursive pressure, they adapt to new structures quickly, but when is under low coercive pressure then the adoption of the new structures is low. Though, increased adoption builds legitimacy in the accounting environment thus speeding the rate of new structural methods. Therefore, the study aims at evaluating the needs of accounting students and thereby redesigns the curriculum to meet the needs of the learners.

GAAP IN BLOCK DIAGRAM
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9525102235Assumptions about the world = (4)
00Assumptions about the world = (4)
4829175121285Quality considerations = (4)
00Quality considerations = (4)
2209800130810Operating conventions = (5)
00Operating conventions = (5)

190500281305004819650281940002771775396240Historical cost
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2752725136525Realization
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243840030797500561975336550Going concern
00Going concern

486727520955002714625373380Matching
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5162550200660Consistency
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484822531496000245745010541000514350248284Stable monetary unit
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2733675342265Duality
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513397574295Materiality
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48291752457450024669753619500600075207645Accounting period
00Accounting period

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2867025167640Quantifiability or monetary measurement
00Quantifiability or monetary measurement
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800735211454AREAS OF APPLICATION
Income statement
Balance sheet
Cash flow statement
00AREAS OF APPLICATION
Income statement
Balance sheet
Cash flow statement

-17970552006500
Data Collection
657225063182500Data collection and analysis sections of any research project play a crucial role in facilitating the achievement of the research objectives. Without a proper methodology for collection and analysis of data, research projects are bound to fail. The process of collecting data can be one of the most complex steps in any research project. The complexity arises because the researchers have to identify the right type of data for their project as well as the appropriate tools for analyzing the data. In addition, various tools will be used to collect the data. The data will be collected using survey questionnaires and interviewees. The survey questionnaires will be sent online for respondents who may not be close to the university. The questionnaires will have both open-ended and closed-ended questions to allow the respondents to provide their views effectively and efficiently. Moreover, the interviews will be conducted by a team of five research assistants. During the interviews, the interviewees will be required to answer a set of ten questions regarding their knowledge of the accounting curriculum as well as their opinion regarding the effectiveness of the curricula. Interviewees will include; the accounting education group- accounting lectures in university, undergraduate and postgraduate students and the professional accounting education group- accountants in the industry, students of professional accountancy exams . The questionnaires, on the other hand, will have a set of twenty questions. Considering the fact that respondents responding through the questionnaires will not be under strict supervision, it is imperative that the questions on the questionnaires be as comprehensive as possible.
Research Design and Framework

Data Analysis
The collected data needs to be analyzed systematically if any meaningful results are to be obtained. Without the relevant analysis techniques and tools, data on its own cannot provide information, and it is, therefore, be considered useless. To obtain the required information, the data requires an in-depth analysis using the right tools and techniques. Considering the fact that this research project combines both quantitative and qualitative techniques, it is evident that both qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques and tools will be used. Quantitative data analysis will use a variety of statistical tools such as Excel and SPSS to analyze the standard deviation, correlation, mean, regression, ANOVA and T-test to explore relationships among variables used. Moreover, the qualitative data will also be examined to identify trends in the thoughts and opinions of the respondents. By analyzing the data using these two methods, the research questions will be answered comprehensively, and it will be easy to complete the process of redesigning the accenting curriculum to suit the needs of the learners.
The empirical findings from the research were that the accounting environment is evolving and there are certain factors that have influenced the curriculum design for both professional accounting and academics. Such factors include globalization, business environment changes, innovations, skills required for an accountant to effectively play their roles and experiences in the accountant field. The study showed that the university accounting curriculum is outdated or irrelevant or too narrow and in any case, is driven by faculty interests. The conclusion derived from the above results, is that the business environment is changing, thus for the accounting discipline to maintain it’s relevant it has to keep revolving by redesigning accounting curriculum.

Inclusion Criteria and Study Population
The respondents should have the basic knowledge of accounting and accounting principles. People who have not taken basic accounting classes or are not accounting students do not qualify as respondents for this project. The topic is considerably specific, and it targets accounting alone. Therefore, people taking other courses such as finance and marketing may not be suitable respondents for this project. Without adequate knowledge in accounting and the accounting curricula, these respondents may provide inaccurate responses which may consequently be misleading. Therefore, the respondents will be the accounting academics, accounting practitioners, and employees in the accounting department. The expected number of respondents in this research is 1650 in number. However, the 100% response rate may not be achieved. Consequently, a response rate of 70% is expected and this rate will provide accurate conclusions. The study will be conducted in the UAE, and the sample will be selected from the universities in the UAE.
Research Ethics and Informed Consent
In today’s world where data is considered the driver of growth and the backbone of today’s society, considering the ethical implications of data collection and storage cannot be underscored. Research ethics border on the morality of various activities that will be conducted during the research process. One of the most prevalent features of this project is that it is not invasive. This project will not collect any samples from the respondents, and it will not collect any personal or sensitive data from the participants. Therefore, the ethical implications of this project are minimal, and they are not expected to a major concern for the participants or other stakeholders in the research. However, the collected data will be stored in accordance with the university’s privacy and data protection policies. Information such as the names of the respondents will not be shared with any third parties, and the collection of this data will be done for feedback and accuracy purposes. Moreover, the respondents will be required to sign an informed consent form. If anyone does not wish to participate in the project, he/she will not be forced. Additionally, the informed consent will inform all the participants on the uses of the collected data as well as the ethical considerations of the project. This approach will facilitate transparency in the project.
Conclusion.
Accounting is one field in business which carries most of the business operations. It deals with the worthiness of an entity. With the business environment evolving so as the accounting should keep changing. The change should begin at the university or college level where accountants start building their career. As we have seen the factors which influence the redesigning of the accounting curriculum, both for the professional accounting education and the academic groups, they do not differ a lot. Therefore for the accounting to maintain its relevance it has to keep changing with the evolving environment.
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